Java CardLayout

17 Mar 2025 | 5 分钟阅读

Java CardLayout 类以这样一种方式管理组件：一次只显示一个组件。它将每个组件视为一张卡片，这就是它被称为 CardLayout 的原因。

CardLayout 类的构造函数

CardLayout(): 创建一个水平和垂直间距为零的卡片布局。
CardLayout(int hgap, int vgap): 使用给定的水平和垂直间距创建一个卡片布局。

CardLayout 类的常用方法

public void next(Container parent): 用于翻转到给定容器的下一张卡片。
public void previous(Container parent): 用于翻转到给定容器的上一张卡片。
public void first(Container parent): 用于翻转到给定容器的第一张卡片。
public void last(Container parent): 用于翻转到给定容器的最后一张卡片。
public void show(Container parent, String name): 用于翻转到具有给定名称的指定卡片。

CardLayout 类的示例：使用默认构造函数

以下程序使用 next() 方法移动到容器的下一张卡片。

文件名: CardLayoutExample1.java

// import statements
import java.awt.*;  
import javax.swing.*; 
import java.awt.event.*;  

public class CardLayoutExample1 extends JFrame implements ActionListener
{  

CardLayout crd;  

// button variables to hold the references of buttons
JButton btn1, btn2, btn3;  
Container cPane; 

// constructor of the class
CardLayoutExample1()
{  

cPane = getContentPane();  

//default constructor used
// therefore, components will 
// cover the whole area
crd = new CardLayout();  

cPane.setLayout(crd);  

// creating the buttons
btn1 = new JButton("Apple");  
btn2 = new JButton("Boy");  
btn3 = new JButton("Cat");  

// adding listeners to it
btn1.addActionListener(this);  
btn2.addActionListener(this);  
btn3.addActionListener(this);  

cPane.add("a", btn1); // first card is the button btn1
cPane.add("b", btn2); // first card is the button btn2
cPane.add("c", btn3);  // first card is the button btn3
		  
}  
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) 
{  
// Upon clicking the button, the next card of the container is shown
// after the last card, again, the first card of the container is shown upon clicking
crd.next(cPane);  
}  

// main method
public static void main(String argvs[]) 
{   
// creating an object of the class CardLayoutExample1
CardLayoutExample1 crdl = new CardLayoutExample1(); 

// size is 300 * 300		
crdl.setSize(300, 300);  
crdl.setVisible(true);  
crdl.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
}  
}  

输出

当单击名为 apple 的按钮时，我们会得到

当单击 boy 按钮时，我们会得到

再次，如果单击 cat 按钮，我们将到达容器的第一张卡片，循环继续。

CardLayout 类的示例：使用参数化构造函数

文件名: CardLayoutExample2.java

import java.awt.*;  
import java.awt.event.*;  
  
import javax.swing.*;  
  
public class CardLayoutExample2 extends JFrame implements ActionListener{  
CardLayout card;  
JButton b1,b2,b3;  
Container c;  
    CardLayoutExample2(){  
          
        c=getContentPane();  
        card=new CardLayout(40,30);  
//create CardLayout object with 40 hor space and 30 ver space  
        c.setLayout(card);  
          
        b1=new JButton("Apple");  
        b2=new JButton("Boy");  
        b3=new JButton("Cat");  
        b1.addActionListener(this);  
        b2.addActionListener(this);  
        b3.addActionListener(this);  
              
        c.add("a",b1);c.add("b",b2);c.add("c",b3);  
                          
    }  
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {  
    card.next(c);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        CardLayoutExample2 cl=new CardLayoutExample2();  
        cl.setSize(400,400);  
        cl.setVisible(true);  
        cl.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
}  

下载此示例

输出

CardLayout 类的方法的用法

以下示例展示了如何使用 CardLayout 类的不同方法。

文件名: CardLayoutExample3.java

// Import statements.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.*;

public class CardLayoutExample3 extends JFrame 
{

// Initializing the value of
// currCard to 1 .
private int currCard = 1;

// Declaring of objects
// of the CardLayout class.
private CardLayout cObjl;

// constructor of the class
public CardLayoutExample3()
{

// Method to set the Title of the JFrame
setTitle("Card Layout Methods");

// Method to set the visibility of the JFrame
setSize(310, 160);

// Creating an Object of the "Jpanel" class
JPanel cPanel = new JPanel();

// Initializing of the object "cObjl"
// of the CardLayout class.
cObjl = new CardLayout();

// setting the layout
cPanel.setLayout(cObjl);

// Initializing the object
// "jPanel1" of the JPanel class.
JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel();

// Initializing the object
// "jPanel2" of the CardLayout class.
JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel();

// Initializing the object
// "jPanel3" of the CardLayout class.
JPanel jPanel3 = new JPanel();

// Initializing the object
// "jPanel4" of the CardLayout class.
JPanel jPanel4 = new JPanel();

// Initializing the object
// "jl1" of the JLabel class.
JLabel jLabel1 = new JLabel("C1");

// Initializing the object
// "jLabel2" of the JLabel class.
JLabel jLabel2 = new JLabel("C2");

// Initializing the object
// "jLabel3" of the JLabel class.
JLabel jLabel3 = new JLabel("C3");

// Initializing the object
// "jLabel4" of the JLabel class.
JLabel jLabel4 = new JLabel("C4");

// Adding JLabel "jLabel1" to the JPanel "jPanel1".
jPanel1.add(jLabel1);

// Adding JLabel "jLabel2" to the JPanel "jPanel2".
jPanel2.add(jLabel2);

// Adding JLabel "jLabel3" to the JPanel "jPanel3".
jPanel3.add(jLabel3);

// Adding JLabel "jLabel4" to the JPanel "jPanel4".
jPanel4.add(jLabel4);

// Add the "jPanel1" on cPanel
cPanel.add(jPanel1, "1");

// Add the "jPanel2" on cPanel
cPanel.add(jPanel2, "2");

// Add the "jPanel3" on cPanel
cPanel.add(jPanel3, "3");

// Add the "jPanel4" on cPanel
cPanel.add(jPanel4, "4");

// Creating an Object of the "JPanel" class
JPanel btnPanel = new JPanel();

// Initializing the object
// "firstButton" of the JButton class.
JButton firstButton = new JButton("First");

// Initializing the object
// "nextButton" of the JButton class.
JButton nextButton = new JButton("->");

// Initializing the object
// "previousbtn" of JButton class.
JButton previousButton = new JButton("<-");

// Initializing the object
// "lastButton" of the JButton class.
JButton lastButton = new JButton("Last");

// Adding the JButton "firstbutton" on the JPanel.
btnPanel.add(firstButton);

// Adding the JButton "nextButton" on the JPanel.
btnPanel.add(nextButton);

// Adding the JButton "previousButton" on the JPanel.
btnPanel.add(previousButton);

// Adding the JButton "lastButton" on the JPanel.
btnPanel.add(lastButton);

// adding firstButton in the ActionListener
firstButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{

// using the first cObjl CardLayout
cObjl.first(cPanel);

// value of currCard is 1
currCard = 1;
}
});

// add lastButton in ActionListener
lastButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{

// using the last cObjl CardLayout
cObjl.last(cPanel);

// value of currCard is 4
currCard = 4;
}
});

// add nextButton in ActionListener
nextButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{

if (currCard < 4)
{

// increase the value of currCard by 1
currCard = currCard + 1;

// show the value of currCard
cObjl.show(cPanel, "" + (currCard));
}
}
});

// add previousButton in ActionListener
previousButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{

if (currCard > 1) 
{

// decrease the value
// of currCard by 1
currCard = currCard - 1;

// show the value of currCard
cObjl.show(cPanel, "" + (currCard));
}
}
});

// using to get the content pane
getContentPane().add(cPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);

// using to get the content pane
getContentPane().add(btnPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
}

// main method
public static void main(String argvs[])
{

// Creating an object of the CardLayoutExample3 class.
CardLayoutExample3 cll = new CardLayoutExample3();

// method to set the default operation of the JFrame.
cll.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

// aethod to set the visibility of the JFrame.
cll.setVisible(true);
}
}

输出

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Java CardLayout

CardLayout 类的构造函数

CardLayout 类的常用方法

CardLayout 类的示例：使用默认构造函数

CardLayout 类的示例：使用参数化构造函数

CardLayout 类的方法的用法

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Java CardLayout

CardLayout 类的构造函数

CardLayout 类的常用方法

CardLayout 类的示例：使用默认构造函数

CardLayout 类的示例：使用参数化构造函数

CardLayout 类的方法的用法

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