XSLT 语法

17 Mar 2025 | 阅读 2 分钟

让我们以一个例子来获取一个 XML 示例文件，并将其转换为格式良好的 HTML 文档。

请看这个例子

创建一个名为 employee.xml 的 XML 文件，其中包含以下代码

Employee.xml

<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class> 
   <employee id = "001">
      <firstname>Aryan</firstname> 
      <lastname>Gupta</lastname> 
      <nickname>Raju</nickname> 
      <salary>30000</salary>
   </employee> 
   <employee id = "024"> 
      <firstname>Sara</firstname> 
      <lastname>Khan</lastname> 
      <nickname>Zoya</nickname> 
      <salary>25000</salary>
   </employee> 
   <employee id = "056"> 
      <firstname>Peter</firstname> 
      <lastname>Symon</lastname> 
      <nickname>John</nickname> 
      <salary>10000</salary> 
   </employee> 
</class>

为上面的 XML 文档定义一个 XSLT 样式表文档。你应该遵循以下标准

页面应该有一个标题“employee”。
页面应该有一个包含员工详细信息的表格。
列应包含以下标题：id、名、姓、昵称、薪水
表格必须相应地包含员工的详细信息。

步骤1：创建 XSLT 文档

创建满足上述要求的 XSLT 文档。将其命名为 employee.xsl 并将其保存在 employee.xml 的相同位置。

Employee.xsl

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<!-- xsl stylesheet declaration with xsl namespace: 
Namespace tells the xlst processor about which 
element is to be processed and which is used for output purpose only 
--> 
<xsl:stylesheet version = "1.0" 
xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">   
<!-- xsl template declaration:  
template tells the xlst processor about the section of xml 
document which is to be formatted. It takes an XPath expression. 
In our case, it is matching document root element and will 
tell processor to process the entire document with this template. 
--> 
   <xsl:template match = "/"> 
      <!-- HTML tags 
         Used for formatting purpose. Processor will skip them and browser 
            will simply render them. 
      --> 
      <html> 
         <body>
            <h2>Employee</h2> 
            <table border = "1"> 
               <tr bgcolor = "#9acd32"> 
                  <th>ID</th> 
                  <th>First Name</th> 
                  <th>Last Name</th> 
                  <th>Nick Name</th> 
                  <th>Salary</th> 
               </tr> 
               <!-- for-each processing instruction 
               Looks for each element matching the XPath expression 
               --> 
              <xsl:for-each select="class/employee"> 
                  <tr> 
                     <td> 
                        <!-- value-of processing instruction 
                        process the value of the element matching the XPath expression 
                        --> 
                        <xsl:value-of select = "@id"/> 
                     </td> 
                     <td><xsl:value-of select = "firstname"/></td> 
                     <td><xsl:value-of select = "lastname"/></td> 
                     <td><xsl:value-of select = "nickname"/></td> 
                     <td><xsl:value-of select = "salary"/></td>   
                  </tr> 
               </xsl:for-each> 
            </table> 
         </body> 
      </html> 
   </xsl:template>  
</xsl:stylesheet>

步骤2：将 XSLT 文档列入 XML 文档

使用以下 xml-stylesheet 标记更新 employee.xml 文档。将 href 值设置为 employee.xsl

<?xml version = "1.0"?> 
<?xml-stylesheet type = "text/xsl" href = "employee.xsl"?> 
<class> 
... 
</class>

已更新 "employee.xml"

<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type = "text/xsl" href = "employee.xsl"?> 
<class> 
   <employee id = "001">
      <firstname>Aryan</firstname> 
      <lastname>Gupta</lastname> 
      <nickname>Raju</nickname> 
      <salary>30000</salary>
   </employee> 
   <employee id = "024"> 
      <firstname>Sara</firstname> 
      <lastname>Khan</lastname> 
      <nickname>Zoya</nickname> 
      <salary>25000</salary>
   </employee> 
   <employee id = "056"> 
      <firstname>Peter</firstname> 
      <lastname>Symon</lastname> 
      <nickname>John</nickname> 
      <salary>10000</salary> 
   </employee> 
</class>

步骤3：在 Internet Explorer 中查看 XML 文档

输出结果将如下所示

输出

下一个主题XSLT <value-of>

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