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如何在 Java 中通过多个线程执行单个任务？

2025 年 3 月 28 日 | 阅读 4 分钟

如果要通过多个线程执行单个任务，则只有一个 run() 方法。例如

通过多个线程执行单个任务的程序

文件名： TestMultitasking1.java

class TestMultitasking1 extends Thread{
 public void run(){
   System.out.println("task one");
 }
 public static void main(String args[]){
  TestMultitasking1 t1=new TestMultitasking1();
  TestMultitasking1 t2=new TestMultitasking1();
  TestMultitasking1 t3=new TestMultitasking1();

  t1.start();
  t2.start();
  t3.start();
 }
}

输出

task one
task one
task one

通过多个线程执行单个任务的程序

文件名： TestMultitasking2.java

class TestMultitasking2 implements Runnable{
public void run(){
System.out.println("task one");
}

public static void main(String args[]){
Thread t1 =new Thread(new TestMultitasking2());//passing annonymous object of TestMultitasking2 class
Thread t2 =new Thread(new TestMultitasking2());

t1.start();
t2.start();

 }
}

输出

task one
task one

注意：每个线程都在单独的调用堆栈中运行。

MultipleThreadsStack

如何通过多个线程执行多个任务（多线程中的多任务处理）？

如果要通过多个线程执行多个任务，则有多个 run() 方法。例如

通过两个线程执行两个任务的程序

文件名： TestMultitasking3.java

class Simple1 extends Thread{
 public void run(){
   System.out.println("task one");
 }
}

class Simple2 extends Thread{
 public void run(){
   System.out.println("task two");
 }
}

 class TestMultitasking3{
 public static void main(String args[]){
  Simple1 t1=new Simple1();
  Simple2 t2=new Simple2();

  t1.start();
  t2.start();
 }
}

输出

task one
task two

通过继承 Thread 类的匿名类实现的上述相同示例

通过两个线程执行两个任务的程序

文件名： TestMultitasking4.java

class TestMultitasking4{
 public static void main(String args[]){
  Thread t1=new Thread(){
    public void run(){
      System.out.println("task one");
    }
  };
  Thread t2=new Thread(){
    public void run(){
      System.out.println("task two");
    }
  };


  t1.start();
  t2.start();
 }
}

输出

task one
task two

通过实现 Runnable 接口的匿名类实现的上述相同示例

通过两个线程执行两个任务的程序

文件名： TestMultitasking5.java

class TestMultitasking5{
 public static void main(String args[]){
  Runnable r1=new Runnable(){
    public void run(){
      System.out.println("task one");
    }
  };

  Runnable r2=new Runnable(){
    public void run(){
      System.out.println("task two");
    }
  };
    
  Thread t1=new Thread(r1);
  Thread t2=new Thread(r2);

  t1.start();
  t2.start();
 }
}

输出

task one
task two

使用两个线程打印奇数和偶数

要使用两个线程打印奇数和偶数，我们将使用 synchronized 块和 notify() 方法。观察以下程序。

文件名： OddEvenExample.java

// Java program that prints the odd and even numbers using two threads.
// the time complexity of the program is O(N), where N is the number up to which we 
// are displaying the numbers
public class OddEvenExample 
{
// Starting the counter
int contr = 1;
static int NUM;
// Method for printing the odd numbers
public void displayOddNumber()
{
// note that synchronized blocks are necessary for the code for getting the desired 
// output. If we remove the synchronized blocks, we will get an exception.
synchronized (this)
{
// Printing the numbers till NUM
while (contr < NUM) 
{
// If the contr is even then display
while (contr % 2 == 0) 
{
// handling the exception handle
try 
{
wait();
}
catch (InterruptedException ex) 
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
// Printing the number
System.out.print(contr + " ");
// Incrementing the contr 
contr = contr + 1;
// notifying the thread which is waiting for this lock 
notify();
}
}
}
// Method for printing the even numbers
public void displayEvenNumber()
{
synchronized (this)
{
// Printing the number till NUM
while (contr < NUM) 
{
// If the count is odd then display
while (contr % 2 == 1) 
{
// handling the exception
try 
{
wait();
}
catch (InterruptedException ex) 
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
// Printing the number
System.out.print(contr + " ");
// Incrementing the contr
contr = contr +1;
// Notifying to the 2nd thread
notify();
}
}
}
// main method
public static void main(String[] argvs)
{
// The NUM is given
NUM = 20;
// creating an object of the class OddEvenExample
OddEvenExample oe = new OddEvenExample();
// creating a thread th1
Thread th1 = new Thread(new Runnable() 
{
public void run()
{
// invoking the method displayEvenNumber() using the thread th1
oe.displayEvenNumber();
}
});
// creating a thread th2
Thread th2 = new Thread(new Runnable() 
{
public void run()
{
// invoking the method displayOddNumber() using the thread th2
oe.displayOddNumber();
}
});
// starting both of the threads
th1.start();
th2.start();
}
}

输出

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

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