使用 Python 中的 Turtle 制作简单的双人游戏

2025年03月17日 | 阅读 9 分钟

Python自带一个名为turtle的模块。它提供了一个纸板屏幕和一个turtle（笔）进行绘图。移动turtle（笔）在屏幕上绘制东西。还有其他函数，例如forward()和backward()，用于移动turtle。

TurtleMove游戏主要是一个机会游戏。两名玩家（粉色和绿色）使用他们自己的turtle作为游戏的对象来玩这个游戏。

游戏玩法说明

游戏在预定的网格和特定边界上进行。

两个玩家都将turtle移动一个单位空间。
现在两个玩家将掷硬币。如果正面，那么他们将向右转；否则，他们将向左转。
继续执行步骤1和2，直到两个turtle都位于边界内。

使用Turtle Python实现

对于网格边界，首先生成一个turtle屏幕对象。
对于每个玩家，现在形成粉色和绿色turtle。
使用turtle的forward()方法，将两个turtle都移动一个单位的距离。
使用randrange(0, 2)，即0表示左转，1表示右转，来决定转向。
每次移动后都检查每个turtle的位置，如果任何turtle穿过线，则该turtle的游戏结束。

以下是它的实现方式

代码解读

首先，我们将把 turtle库导入到我们的程序中，同时也将导入random库，该库有助于选择随机实例。

# importing the random library
import random
# importing the turtle library
import turtle

然后，我们将定义一个方法来检查turtle是否在屏幕范围内。为此，我们将借助window_width()和window_height()方法设置屏幕的四个侧面或边界。

# Method for checking whether the turtle
# is in the Screen or not
def isInScreen(win, tur):
	
	# Finding the end bound of each corner of the turtle screen
	leftBound = -win.window_width() / 2.7
	rightBound = win.window_width() / 2.7
	topBound = win.window_height() / 2.7
	bottomBound = -win.window_height() / 2.7

然后，我们将使用xcor()方法找到x坐标，并使用ycor()方法找到y坐标，从而找到turtle的当前位置或坐标。

# Finding the current position of turtle
	ttlX = tur.xcor()
	ttlY = tur.ycor()

然后，我们使用以下条件来检查turtle是否在屏幕范围内。最初，stillIn变量设置为true，如果它超出边界，则条件将中断，结果将返回false，如果不是则返回true。

# var for storing whether in the screen or not
	stillIn = True

	# condn for checking whether in screen or not
	if ttlX > rightBound or ttlX < leftBound:
		stillIn = False
	if ttlY > topBound or ttlY < bottomBound:
		stillIn = False

	# the result being returned
	return stillIn

然后，我们将定义另一个方法，以确保2个turtle放置在不同的位置。

# Method for checking whether both the turtles have
# a diff position or not
def samepos(pink, green):
	if pink.pos() == green.pos():
		return False
	else:
		return True

接下来，我们将初始化main()方法，并首先设置屏幕以使用turtle进行绘制。

# main method
def main():

	# initializing the screen for turtle
	wn = turtle.Screen()

现在，将开始介绍这2个turtle及其所需的特征。首先，将通过获取turtle对象的实例来初始化粉色turtle。然后，我们将使用pencolor()方法将笔的颜色设置为粉色。接下来，我们将使用pensize()方法设置绘制所需的笔的大小。turtle的形状将使用shape方法设置为“turtle”，并且将使用pos()方法来获取其位置。

# initializing the pink turtle by
	# instantiating a new turtle object 
	# named 'pink'
	pink = turtle.Turtle()
	
	# setting the color of the pen to pink
	pink.pencolor("pink")
	
	# setting the size of the pen to 4.5
	pink.pensize(4.5)
	
	# setting the shape of the turtle to the classic turtle shape
	pink.shape('turtle')
	pos = pink.pos()

接下来，将通过获取turtle对象的实例来初始化绿色turtle。然后，我们将使用pencolor()方法将笔的颜色设置为绿色。接下来，我们将使用pensize()方法设置绘制所需的笔的大小。turtle的形状将使用shape方法设置为“turtle”，并且将使用hideturtle()方法来隐藏turtle（笔）。

# initializing the green turtle by
	# instantiating a new turtle object 
	# named 'green'
	green = turtle.Turtle()
	
	# setting the color of the pen to green
	green.pencolor("green")
	
  # setting the size of the pen to 4.5
	green.pensize(4.5)
	
	# setting the shape of the turtle to the classic turtle shape
	green.shape('turtle')
	
	# making the turtle hidden / invisible
	green.hideturtle()

隐藏turtle后，我们将使用penup()方法抬起笔，使其在移动时不会绘制，并使用goto()方法将其移动到某个位置。到达指定位置后，我们将使用showturtle()方法使turtle再次可见，并将笔放下，以便仅从该位置再次用于绘图，使用pendown()方法。我们使用了绿色turtle的这种位置移动，以便我们能够清楚地区分2个turtle的路径。

# lifting the (pen) turtle to not draw while moving
	green.penup()
	
	# moving the turtle (pen) to the new coordinates 50
	# units away from the pink
	green.goto(pos[0]+50, pos[1])
	
	# making the turtle hidden / visible
	green.showturtle()
	
	# dropping the (pen) turtle to again start drawing when moving
	green.pendown()

然后，我们引入了2个新变量，称为mT和jT，它们将存储turtle是否在提到的边界内的值。它们最初都设置为true，这意味着turtle当前在屏幕内。

# variable for storing whether the turtles
	# are in the screen or not
	mT = True
	jT = True

我们现在将使用while循环开始玩游戏。仅当turtle在屏幕内时，此循环才有效。首先，将检查掷硬币，其值将存储在变量coinPink中。这将使用randrange()方法拾取。然后，还将找到turtle向前移动的角度，并且该值将存储在变量anglePink中。

# Using while loop for playing the game
	while mT and jT and samepos(pink, green):

		# flipping of coin for pink
		coinPink = random.randrange(0, 2)

		# getting angle for Pink
		# random.randrange(0, 180)
		anglePink = 90

然后，将通过此if-else条件来确定turtle是应该向左转还是向右转。如果 colorPink的值为0，则turtle将向左转anglePink度否则它将以相同的角度向右转。

# condition to be used when left or right
		# of the coin comes
		if coinPink == 0:
			pink.left(anglePink)
		else:
			pink.right(anglePink)

整个上述过程将对绿色turtle重复进行，以确定其前进方向。

  # flipping of coin for green
		coinGreen = random.randrange(0, 2)

		# getting angle for green
		# random.randrange(0, 180)
		angleGreen = 90

		# condition to be used when left or right
		# of the coin comes
		if coinGreen == 0:
			green.left(angleGreen)
		else:
			green.right(angleGreen)

如果满足上述条件，那么由于使用了forward()方法，则turtle 粉色和绿色都将向前移动40个单位的距离。

# drawing for the Pink turtle
		pink.forward(40)

	  # drawing for the Green turtle
		green.forward(40)

在它们向前移动之后，我们将再次检查它们的位置，即它们是否在屏幕内，这些更新的值将再次存储在变量mT和jT中。

# check whether the two turtles are in
		# screen or not
		mT = isInScreen(wn, green)
		jT = isInScreen(wn, pink)

为了显示结果，使用pencolor()方法将两个turtle的turtle笔的颜色设置为黑色。

# setting the color of the pen for both pink and green turtles as black
	pink.pencolor("black")
	green.pencolor("black")

和jT变量。如果满足上述任何条件，则使用write()方法输出结果。我们还将结果的字体设置为粗体“arial”样式，大小为15单位。

# condition for checking whether its a draw or a win
	if jT == True and mT == False:
		# printing the results
		pink.write("Pink Won", True, align="center",
				font=("arial", 15, "bold"))
	
	elif mT == True and jT == False:
		
		# printing the  results
		green.write("Green Won", True, align="center",
				font=("arial", 15, "bold"))
	else:
		# printing the results
		pink.write("Draw", True, align="center",
				font=("arial", 15, "bold"))
		green.write("Draw", True, align="center",
				font=("arial", 15, "bold"))

最后，在游戏完成后，使用exitonclick()方法退出。因此，再次调用main()函数。

# exitting on closing
	wn.exitonclick()


# Calling the main method
main()

完整代码

# Python program to create a simple two player game using turtle
# importing the random library
import random
# importing the turtle library
import turtle

# Method for checking whether the turtle
# is in the Screen or its  not
def isInScreen(win, tur):
	
	# Finding the end bound of each corner of the turtle screen
	leftBound = -win.window_width() / 2.7
	rightBound = win.window_width() / 2.7
	topBound = win.window_height() / 2.7
	bottomBound = -win.window_height() / 2.7

	# Finding the current position of turtle
	ttlX = tur.xcor()
	ttlY = tur.ycor()

	# var for storing whether in the screen or not
	stillIn = True

	# condn for checking whether in screen or not
	if ttlX > rightBound or ttlX < leftBound:
		stillIn = False
	if ttlY > topBound or ttlY < bottomBound:
		stillIn = False

	# the result being returned
	return stillIn


# Method for checking whether both the turtles have
# a diff position or not
def samepos(pink, green):
	if pink.pos() == green.pos():
		return False
	else:
		return True

# main method
def main():

	# initializing the screen for turtle
	wn = turtle.Screen()

	# initializing the pink turtle by
	# instantiating a new turtle object 
	# named 'pink'
	pink = turtle.Turtle()
	
	# setting the color of the pen to pink
	pink.pencolor("pink")
	
	# setting the size of the pen to 4.5
	pink.pensize(4.5)
	
	# setting the shape of the turtle to the classic turtle shape
	pink.shape('turtle')
	pos = pink.pos()

	# initializing the green turtle by
	# instantiating a new turtle object 
	# named 'green'
	green = turtle.Turtle()
	
	# setting the color of the pen to green
	green.pencolor("green")
	
  # setting the size of the pen to 4.5
	green.pensize(4.5)
	
	# setting the shape of the turtle to the classic turtle shape
	green.shape('turtle')
	
	# making the turtle hidden / invisible
	green.hideturtle()
	
	# lifting the (pen) turtle to not draw while moving
	green.penup()
	
	# moving the turtle (pen) to the new coordinates 50
	# units away from the pink
	green.goto(pos[0]+50, pos[1])
	
	# making the turtle hidden / visible
	green.showturtle()
	
	# dropping the (pen) turtle to again start drawing when moving
	green.pendown()

	# variable for storing whether the turtles
	# are in the screen or not
	mT = True
	jT = True

	# Using while loop for playing the game
	while mT and jT and samepos(pink, green):

		# flipping of coin for pink
		coinPink = random.randrange(0, 2)

		# getting angle for Pink
		# random.randrange(0, 180)
		anglePink = 90

		# condition to be used when left or right
		# of the coin comes
		if coinPink == 0:
			pink.left(anglePink)
		else:
			pink.right(anglePink)

	  # flipping of coin for green
		coinGreen = random.randrange(0, 2)

		# getting angle for green
		# random.randrange(0, 180)
		angleGreen = 90

		# condition to be used when left or right
		# of the coin comes
		if coinGreen == 0:
			green.left(angleGreen)
		else:
			green.right(angleGreen)

		# drawing for the Pink turtle
		pink.forward(40)

	  # drawing for the Green turtle
		green.forward(40)

		# check whether the two turtles are in
		# screen or not
		mT = isInScreen(wn, green)
		jT = isInScreen(wn, pink)

	# setting the color of the pen for both pink and green turtles as black
	pink.pencolor("black")
	green.pencolor("black")

	# condition for checking whether its a draw or a win
	if jT == True and mT == False:
		# printing the results
		pink.write("Pink Won", True, align="center",
				font=("arial", 15, "bold"))
	
	elif mT == True and jT == False:
		
		# printing the  results
		green.write("Green Won", True, align="center",
				font=("arial", 15, "bold"))
	else:
		# printing the results
		pink.write("Draw", True, align="center",
				font=("arial", 15, "bold"))
		green.write("Draw", True, align="center",
				font=("arial", 15, "bold"))

	# exitting on closing
	wn.exitonclick()


# Calling the main method
main()

输出

以下是上述游戏代码的一些不同输出。