使用 Tikz 的 Latex 节点图

17 Mar 2025 | 4 分钟阅读

也可以使用 tikz 环境绘制节点图。

您可以在顶点周围绘制圆圈，也可以直接使用它们。用于样式的命令与框图或流程图中的命令不同。用于绘制顶点的命令名为 node，用于绘制边的命令名为 edge。

Latex 中使用的命令大多源于常用词，这些词可以很容易地理解并在代码中实现。

在开始形状之前，您需要提及一些环境。您必须将您的文本和命令仅包含在这些环境中，如下所示

\documentclass[10pt]{article} % you can change the point size according to the requirements
\usepackage{xcolor} % package crucial to implement colors
\usepackage{tikz} % package used for the tikz
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture} % tikz environment 
....................
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

通过使用 x 轴和 y 轴上的点，您可以绘制任何形状。使用 Tikz 的 Latex 中常用的形状如下所示

用于绘制圆的命令是 \draw (1,1) circle (1);

在这里，(1, 1) 是 x 轴和 y 轴上的点，而 (1) 是圆的半径。

上述圆的输出将如下图所示

$Latex Node Graphs using Tikz$

三角形

用于绘制三角形的命令如下所示

输出

$Latex Node Graphs using Tikz$

您可以根据需要更改 x 轴和 y 轴点的置。

您也可以使用以下命令在三角形内部填充颜色

输出

$Latex Node Graphs using Tikz$

要增加三角形的宽度，您可以使用以下命令

输出

$Latex Node Graphs using Tikz$

您还可以使用以下命令在三角形内部绘制颜色模式

\path[clip, draw] (2,2)--(3,3)--(4,2)--cycle;
\path[fill=blue!40] (3, 2.7) circle (.7);

输出

$Latex Node Graphs using Tikz$

您也可以使用任何形状代替三角形。

椭圆

要绘制椭圆，您需要使用以下命令

\draw[fill=pink] (0,0)
ellipse (30pt and 22pt);

在这里，(0, 0) 是原点处的点，30pt 和 22pt 是绘制椭圆的尺寸。

输出

$Latex Node Graphs using Tikz$

您也可以相应地混合两种颜色。

此类示例的命令编写为

\draw[fill=blue!50!white] (0,0)
ellipse (30pt and 22pt);

输出

$Latex Node Graphs using Tikz$

使用此类方法，您可以根据自己的选择创建任何形状。

让我们从节点图开始。

创建简单节点图的代码如下所示

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
  [scale=.9,auto=center,every node/.style={circle,fill=blue!20}] % here, node/.style is the style pre-defined, that will be the default layout of all the nodes. You can also create different forms for different nodes.
  
  \node (a1) at (1,2) {1};
  \node (a2) at (2,5)  {2}; % These all are the points where we want to locate the vertices. You can create your diagram first on a rough paper or graph paper; then, through the points, you can create the layout. Through the use of paper, it will be effortless for you to draw the diagram on Latex.
  \node (a3) at (3,7)  {3};
  \node (a4) at (3,2.5) {4};
  \node (a5) at (5,6)  {5};
  \node (a6) at (5,3)  {6};
  \node (a7) at (7,5)  {7};

  \draw (a1) -- (a2); % these are the straight lines from one vertex to another
  \draw (a2) -- (a3);
  \draw (a2) -- (a4);
  \draw (a4) -- (a6);
  \draw (a3) -- (a5);
  \draw (a6) -- (a7);
  \draw (a5) -- (a7);

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

输出

$Latex Node Graphs using Tikz$

您还可以以一定角度弯曲图的边。

创建弯曲边的节点图的代码如下所示

\documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{tikz}

% the settings of tikz is used for the optimization of the graphs
\usetikzlibrary{shapes, arrows, calc, arrows.meta, fit, positioning} % these are the parameters passed to the library to create the node graphs
\tikzset{
    -Latex,auto,node distance =1.5 cm and 1.3 cm, thick,% node distance is the distance between one node to other, where 1.5cm is the length of the edge between the nodes
    state/.style ={ellipse, draw, minimum width = 0.9 cm}, % the minimum width is the width of the ellipse, which is the size of the shape of vertex in the node graph
    point/.style = {circle, draw, inner sep=0.18cm, fill, node contents={}},
    bidirected/.style={Latex-Latex,dashed}, % it is the edge having two directions
    el/.style = {inner sep=2.5pt, align=right, sloped}
}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
    % a is the name of the node and A is the text inside the node/vertex
    \node[state] (a) at (0,0) {$A$}; % here, state signifies that the shape of the node will be the shape declared in the above state/.style command.

    % you can mention any location such as right, left, above, below, etc.
   
    \node[state] (b) [right =of a] {$B$};
    \node[state] (c) [below =of b] {$C$};
    \path (a) edge (b); % it is the path of the edge from one node to another

    % Bidirected edge
    \path[bidirected] (a) edge[bend left=60] (b); % this is the basic command in this code. It is used to draw the curved edge with a certain angle. You can change the angle according to the requirements.
    
    \path (a) edge (c);
     \path[bidirected] (a) edge[bend right=60] (c);
     \draw (b) -- (c);
    
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

输出