问：在双向链表末尾插入新节点的程序。

2025年03月17日 | 阅读 9 分钟

说明

在此程序中，我们将创建一个双向链表，并将每个新节点插入到链表的末尾。如果链表为空，则 head 和 tail 将指向新添加的节点。如果链表不为空，则将新节点插入到链表的末尾，使得 tail 的 next 指向新节点。将新节点设为链表的新尾部，并使其 next 指向 null。

Program to insert a new node at the end of doubly linked list

在上面的例子中，节点 4 是链表的尾部。现在，新节点将插入到链表的末尾，使得节点 4 的 next 指向新节点。将新节点设为链表的尾部，并使其 next 指向 null。

算法

定义一个 Node 类，它表示列表中的一个节点。它将有三个属性：数据、previous 指向前一个节点，以及 next 指向下一个节点。
定义另一个用于创建双向链表的类，它有两个节点：头节点和尾节点。最初，头节点和尾节点将指向 null。
addAtEnd() 將會將節點添加到串列中
1. 它首先检查头节点是否为 null，然后将节点作为头节点插入。
2. 头节点和尾节点都将指向新添加的节点。
3. 头节点的前一个指针将指向 null，尾节点的下一个指针将指向 null。
4. 如果头节点不为 null，则新节点将插入到列表的末尾，使得新节点的前一个指针将指向尾节点。
5. 新节点将成为新的尾节点。尾节点的下一个指针将指向 null。
display() 将显示列表中存在的所有节点。
1. 定义一个新节点“current”，它将指向头节点。
2. 打印 current.data 直到 current 指向 null。
3. 在每次迭代中，current 将指向列表中的下一个节点。

解决方案

Python

#Represent a node of doubly linked list
class Node:
    def __init__(self,data):
        self.data = data;
        self.previous = None;
        self.next = None;
        
class InsertEnd:
    #Represent the head and tail of the doubly linked list
    def __init__(self):
        self.head = None;
        self.tail = None;
        
    #addAtEnd() will add a node to the end of the list
    def addAtEnd(self, data):
        #Create a new node
        newNode = Node(data);
        
        #If list is empty
        if(self.head == None):
            #Both head and tail will point to newNode
            self.head = self.tail = newNode;
            #head's previous will point to None
            self.head.previous = None;
            #tail's next will point to None, as it is the last node of the list
            self.tail.next = None;
        #Add newNode as new tail of the list
        else:
            #newNode will be added after tail such that tail's next will point to newNode
            self.tail.next = newNode;
            #newNode's previous will point to tail
            newNode.previous = self.tail;
            #newNode will become new tail
            self.tail = newNode;
            #As it is last node, tail's next will point to None
            self.tail.next = None;
            
    #display() will print out the nodes of the list
    def display(self):
        #Node current will point to head
        current = self.head;
        if(self.head == None):
            print("List is empty");
            return;
        print("Adding a node to the end of the list: ");
        while(current != None):
            #Prints each node by incrementing pointer.
            print(current.data),
            current = current.next;
            
        print();
        
dList = InsertEnd();
 
#Adding 1 to the list
dList.addAtEnd(1);
dList.display();
#Adding 2 to the list
dList.addAtEnd(2);
dList.display();
#Adding 3 to the list
dList.addAtEnd(3);
dList.display();
#Adding 4 to the list
dList.addAtEnd(4);
dList.display();
#Adding 5 to the list
dList.addAtEnd(5);
dList.display();

输出

Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 4 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 4 5

C

#include <stdio.h>
 
//Represent a node of the doubly linked list

struct node{
    int data;
    struct node *previous;
    struct node *next;
};    
 
//Represent the head and tail of the doubly linked list
struct node *head, *tail = NULL;
 
//addAtEnd() will add a node to the end of the list
void addAtEnd(int data) {
    //Create a new node
    struct node *newNode = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
    newNode->data = data;
    
    //If list is empty
    if(head == NULL) {
        //Both head and tail will point to newNode
        head = tail = newNode;
        //head's previous will point to NULL
        head->previous = NULL;
        //tail's next will point to NULL, as it is the last node of the list
        tail->next = NULL;
    }
    //Add newNode as new tail of the list
    else {
        //newNode will be added after tail such that tail's next will point to newNode
        tail->next = newNode;
        //newNode's previous will point to tail
        newNode->previous = tail;
        //newNode will become new tail
        tail = newNode;
        //As it is last node, tail's next will point to NULL
        tail->next = NULL;
    }
}
 
//display() will print out the nodes of the list
void display() {
    //Node current will point to head
    struct node *current = head;
    if(head == NULL) {
        printf("List is empty\n");
        return;
    }
    printf("Adding a node to the end of the list: \n");
    while(current != NULL) {
        //Prints each node by incrementing pointer.
        printf("%d ", current->data);
        current = current->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
}
    
int main()
{
    //Adding 1 to the list
    addAtEnd(1);
    display();
    //Adding 2 to the list
    addAtEnd(2);
    display();
    //Adding 3 to the list
    addAtEnd(3);
    display();
    //Adding 4 to the list
    addAtEnd(4);
    display();
    //Adding 5 to the list
    addAtEnd(5);
    display();
 
    return 0;
}

输出

Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 4 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 4 5

JAVA

public class InsertEnd {
    
    //Represent a node of the doubly linked list

    class Node{
        int data;
        Node previous;
        Node next;
        
        public Node(int data) {
            this.data = data;
        }
    }
    
    //Represent the head and tail of the doubly linked list
    Node head, tail = null;
    
    //addAtEnd() will add a node to the end of the list
    public void addAtEnd(int data) {
        //Create a new node
        Node newNode = new Node(data);
        
        //If list is empty
        if(head == null) {
            //Both head and tail will point to newNode
            head = tail = newNode;
            //head's previous will point to null
            head.previous = null;
            //tail's next will point to null, as it is the last node of the list
            tail.next = null;
        }
        //Add newNode as new tail of the list
        else {
            //newNode will be added after tail such that tail's next will point to newNode
            tail.next = newNode;
            //newNode's previous will point to tail
            newNode.previous = tail;
            //newNode will become new tail
            tail = newNode;
            //As it is last node, tail's next will point to null
            tail.next = null;
        }
    }
    
    //display() will print out the nodes of the list
    public void display() {
        //Node current will point to head
        Node current = head;
        if(head == null) {
            System.out.println("List is empty");
            return;
        }
        System.out.println("Adding a node to the end of the list: ");
        while(current != null) {
            //Prints each node by incrementing the pointer.

            System.out.print(current.data + " ");
            current = current.next;
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        InsertEnd dList = new InsertEnd();
        
        //Adding 1 to the list
        dList.addAtEnd(1);
        dList.display();
        //Adding 2 to the list
        dList.addAtEnd(2);
        dList.display();
        //Adding 3 to the list
        dList.addAtEnd(3);
        dList.display();
        //Adding 4 to the list
        dList.addAtEnd(4);
        dList.display();
        //Adding 5 to the list
        dList.addAtEnd(5);
        dList.display();
    }
}

输出

Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 4 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 4 5

C#

using System; 
namespace DoublyLinkedList 
{                     
    public class Program
    {
        //Represent a node of the doubly linked list

        public class Node<T>{
            public T data;
            public Node<T> previous;
            public Node<T> next;
            
            public Node(T value) {
                data = value;
            }
        }
        
        public class InsertEnd<T>{
            //Represent the head and tail of the doubly linked list
            protected Node<T> head = null;             
             protected Node<T> tail = null;
            
            //addAtEnd() will add a node to the end of the list
            public void addAtEnd(T data) {
                //Create a new node
                Node<T> newNode = new Node<T>(data);
 
                //If list is empty
                if(head == null) {
                    //Both head and tail will point to newNode
                    head = tail = newNode;
                    //head's previous will point to null
                    head.previous = null;
                    //tail's next will point to null, as it is the last node of the list
                    tail.next = null;
                }
                //Add newNode as new tail of the list
                else {
                    //newNode will be added after tail such that tail's next will point to newNode
                    tail.next = newNode;
                    //newNode's previous will point to tail
                    newNode.previous = tail;
                    //newNode will become new tail
                    tail = newNode;
                    //As it is last node, tail's next will point to null
                    tail.next = null;
                }
            }
    
            //display() will print out the nodes of the list
            public void display() {
                //Node current will point to head
                Node<T> current = head;
                if(head == null) {
                    Console.WriteLine("List is empty");
                    return;
                }
                Console.WriteLine("Adding a node to the end of the list: ");
                while(current != null) {
                    //Prints each node by incrementing the pointer.

                    Console.Write(current.data + " ");
                    current = current.next;
                }
                Console.WriteLine();
            }
        }
        
        public static void Main()
        {
            InsertEnd<int> dList = new InsertEnd<int>();
 
            //Adding 1 to the list
            dList.addAtEnd(1);
            dList.display();
            //Adding 2 to the list
            dList.addAtEnd(2);
            dList.display();
            //Adding 3 to the list
            dList.addAtEnd(3);
            dList.display();
            //Adding 4 to the list
            dList.addAtEnd(4);
            dList.display();
            //Adding 5 to the list
            dList.addAtEnd(5);
            dList.display();
        }    
    }
}

输出

Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 4 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 4 5

PHP

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
//Represent a node of doubly linked list
class Node{
    public $data;
    public $previous;
    public $next;
    
    function __construct($data){
        $this->data = $data;
    }
}
class InsertEnd{
    //Represent the head and tail of the doubly linked list
    public $head;
    public $tail;
    function __construct(){
        $this->head = NULL;
        $this->tail = NULL;
    }
    
    //addAtEnd() will add a node to the end of the list
    function addAtEnd($data) {
        //Create a new node
        $newNode = new Node($data);
        
        //If list is empty
        if($this->head == NULL) {
            //Both head and tail will point to newNode
            $this->head = $this->tail = $newNode;
            //head's previous will point to NULL
            $this->head->previous = NULL;
            //tail's next will point to NULL, as it is the last node of the list
            $this->tail->next = NULL;
        }
        //Add newNode as new tail of the list
        else {
            //newNode will be added after tail such that tail's next will point to newNode
            $this->tail->next = $newNode;
            //newNode's previous will point to tail
            $newNode->previous = $this->tail;
            //newNode will become new tail
            $this->tail = $newNode;
            //As it is last node, tail's next will point to NULL
            $this->tail->next = NULL;
        }
    }
    
    //display() will print out the nodes of the list
    function display() {
        //Node current will point to head
        $current = $this->head;
        if($this->head == NULL) {
            print("List is empty <br>");
            return;
        }
        print("Adding a node to the end of the list: <br>");
        while($current != NULL) {
            //Prints each node by incrementing pointer.
            print($current->data . " ");
            $current = $current->next;
        }
        print("<br>");
    }
}
    
$dList = new InsertEnd();
 
//Adding 1 to the list
$dList->addAtEnd(1);
$dList->display();
//Adding 2 to the list
$dList->addAtEnd(2);
$dList->display();
//Adding 3 to the list
$dList->addAtEnd(3);
$dList->display();
//Adding 4 to the list
$dList->addAtEnd(4);
$dList->display();
//Adding 5 to the list
$dList->addAtEnd(5);
$dList->display();
?>
</body>
</html>

输出

Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 4 
Adding a node to the end of the list: 
1 2 3 4 5

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问：在双向链表末尾插入新节点的程序。

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