Python中打印图案

2025年1月5日 | 17 分钟阅读

模式问题在编程中非常常见。这些问题有助于熟悉程序的流程，也有助于理解如何编写程序以获得所需的输出。模式是使用循环打印的。我们通常使用嵌套循环来打印模式。外层循环定义了模式的行数。同时，内层循环定义了我们需要的模式。我们在内层循环中设置条件。在本教程中，我们将看到打印不同类型模式的程序。打印模式的方法可能不止一种，因此无需遵循一种严格的方法。

简单金字塔模式

方法 - 1

代码

# Python program to print a star pattern 

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the pattern when called
def star(n):
   
  # Starting the outer loop. This loop will traverse over each row of the pattern from 0 to n-1
  for i in range(0, n):

    # Starting the inner loop. This loop defines the pattern or the columns of the pattern. 
    for j in range(0, i + 1):
     
      # Printing the stars according to the loops
      print("* ",end = "")
   
    # Changing line after completion of the inner loop to start printing in a new row.
    print("\r")

# Calling the function
n = 5
star(n)

输出

* 
* * 
* * * 
* * * * 
* * * * *

时间复杂度：该方法的时间复杂度是非线性的。我们使用了嵌套循环来打印模式。外层循环将迭代 n 次；因此，时间复杂度将是 O(n)。但是，内层循环将从 0 迭代到 n 次，这使得内层循环的最坏时间复杂度为 O(n)。此程序的总时间复杂度为 O(n2)。

空间复杂度：该方法空间复杂度为 O(1)。我们没有使用任何辅助空间来打印模式。

方法 - 2

我们可以使用列表打印相同的模式，这样可以简化代码。

代码

# Python program to print a star pattern 

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the pattern when called
def star(n):
  list_ = []
  # Starting the outer loop to iterate over the rows of the pattern
  for i in range(1, n + 1):

    list_.append("* " * i)
  # Joining the lists using the join function and using a new line string to join the lists
  print("\n" .join(list_))

# Calling the function
n = 5
star(n)

输出

* 
* * 
* * * 
* * * * 
* * * * *

时间复杂度：该方法的时间复杂度是线性的，因为我们使用了一个循环来打印模式。因此，使用列表比使用嵌套循环更好。join 函数的时间复杂度为 O(n)；但是，总的来说，复杂度将是 O(n) + O(n)。该方法的平均时间复杂度为 O(n)。

空间复杂度：该方法空间复杂度是线性的，因为我们使用列表来存储模式。因此，该方法的空间复杂度为 O(n)

方法 - 3

我们将使用递归方法来打印模式。

代码

# Python program to print a star pattern 

# Defining a recursion function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the pattern when called
def star(n):

  # Specifying the base condition of the function
  if n == 0:
    return
  else:
    # Calling the function for the (n - 1)th row 
    star(n - 1)
    # Printing the pattern
    print("* " * n)
 
# Calling the function
n = 5
star(n)

输出

* 
* * 
* * * 
* * * * 
* * * * *

方法 - 4

这次，我们将使用 while 循环来打印模式。

代码

# Python program to print pattern using while loop

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the pattern when called
def star(n): 
  
  # Initializing columns and rows of the pattern
  i = 1
  j = 0
 
  # The first while loop will check the row number. Once the row number exceeds the given count, it will stop.
  while(i <= n):

    # The second while loop will check the column count and will stop once the column number increases the current column count
    while(j <= i - 1):

      # Printing the pattern
      print("* ",end = "") 
      j += 1
     
    # Going to the next line for the next row
    print("\r") 

    # Updating the row and column count
    j = 0
    i += 1

# Calling the function
n = 5
star(n)

输出

* 
* * 
* * * 
* * * * 
* * * * *

时间复杂度：该方法的时间复杂度为 O(n ^ 2)。我们使用了嵌套循环来打印模式。

空间复杂度：该方法空间复杂度为 O(1)，因为我们没有使用任何额外的空间来存储模式。

旋转模式

现在，我们将翻转模式并设计程序来打印模式。

方法 - 1

代码

# Python program to print the rotated pattern

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the pattern when called
def star(n): 
   
  # Keeping track of the number of spaces in each row of the pattern
  k = 2*n - 2

  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows of the pattern
  for i in range(0, n):

    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns of the pattern
    # This loop will print the spaces required in each row of the pattern
    for j in range(0, k):

      print(end = " ")
   
    # Decreasing the space count for the next row of the pattern
    k = k - 2
   
    # This loop will print the star in each column. The number of stars in each column depends on the row number
    for j in range(0, i + 1):
     
      # printing the stars
      print("* ", end = "")
   
    # Going to the next line for the next row
    print("\r")

# Calling the function
n = 5
star(n)

输出

            * 
         * * 
      * * * 
   * * * * 
* * * * *

方法 - 2

现在，我们将看到一种更好的方法来打印之前的模式

在这个模式中，我们必须打印空格（数字_从_基数 - 行号），然后打印行号次星号。这次，我们将使用 while 循环来打印模式。我们将看到可以使用单个 while 循环打印模式，因此不需要嵌套循环。这将把时间复杂度从非线性降低到线性时间复杂度。以下是此方法实现的 Python 代码

代码

# Python program to print pattern 

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the pattern when called
# Here, n is the number_from_base 
def star(n): 
  
  # Initializing the row count of the pattern
  # Here i is the row_number
  i = 0

  # This while loop will iterate over rows and print the complete pattern for individual rows in each iteration
  while(i <= n):
   # Printing the pattern according to the individual count of spaces and stars required in the column of the current row
   print(" " * 2 * (n - i) + "* " * i) 
   # Incrementing the row count
   i += 1

# Calling the function
n = 5
star(n)

输出

           * 
         * * 
      * * * 
   * * * * 
* * * * *

方法 - 3

我们将使用 for 循环编写之前的程序。

代码

# Python program to print pattern using for loop

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the pattern when called
def star(n): 
  # This for loop will iterate over rows and print the complete pattern for individual rows in each iteration
  for i in range(1, n + 1):
   print(" " * 2 * (n - i) + "* " * i) 

# Calling the function
n = 5
star(n)

输出

            * 
         * * 
      * * * 
   * * * * 
* * * * *

打印三角形

方法 - 1

代码

# Python program to print triangle pattern

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the triangle pattern when called
def triangle(n):
   
  # Initializing the number of spaces required
  k = n - 1

  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows of the pattern
  for i in range(0, n):

    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns of the pattern
    # This loop will print the spaces required in each row of the pattern
    for j in range(0, k):

      print(end = " ")
   
    # Decreasing the space count for the next row of the pattern
    k = k - 1
   
    # This loop will print the star in each column. The number of stars in each column depends on the row number
    for j in range(0, i + 1):
     
      # printing the stars
      print("* ", end = "")
   
    # Going to the next line for the next row
    print("\r")

# Driver Code
n = 5
triangle(n)

输出

    * 
   * * 
  * * * 
 * * * * 
* * * * *

数字模式

现在，我们将看到如何使用数字打印模式。

方法 - 1

代码

# Python program to print number pattern

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the number of patterns when called
def number(n):
   
  # Initializing the starting number of pattern 
  num = 1

  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows of the pattern
  for i in range(0, n):
   
    # Updating the starting number, to begin with 1 at the beginning of each row
    num = 1
   
    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns of the pattern
    for j in range(0, i + 1):
     
      # Printing the current number in the current (row, column)
      print(num, end = " ")
     
      # Incrementing the number for each column 
      num = num + 1
   
    # Starting a new line at the end of each row
    print("\r")

# Driver Code
n = 5
number(n)

输出

方法 - 2

在此模式中，我们不必在每一行都从 1 开始。

代码

# Python program to print number pattern

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the number of patterns when called
def number(n):
   
  # Initializing the starting number of pattern 
  num = 1

  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows of the pattern
  for i in range(0, n):
   
    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns of the pattern
    for j in range(0, i + 1):
     
      # Printing the current number in the current (row, column)
      print(num, end = " ")
     
      # Incrementing the number for each column 
      num = num + 1
   
    # Starting a new line at the end of each row
    print("\r")

# Driver Code
n = 5
number(n)

输出

1 
2 3 
4 5 6 
7 8 9 10 
11 12 13 14 15

方法 - 3

在此模式中，我们将使用数字打印一个三角形。

代码

# Python program to print triangle patterns using numbers

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the number of patterns when called
def number(n):

  # Initializing the starting number of pattern
  num = 1

  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows of the pattern
  for i in range(0, n):

    # Updating the starting number
    num = 1

    # We have to print the spaces, too, in this pattern. 
    print(" " * (n - i), end = " ")

    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns of the pattern
    for j in range(0, i + 1):

      # Printing the current number in the current (row, column)
      print(num, end = " ")

      # Incrementing the number for each column
      num = num + 1

    # Starting a new line at the end of each row
    print("\r")

# Driver Code
n = 5
number(n)

输出

打印字母

模式 - 1

我们将使用字母打印模式。我们将更新字母的 ASCII 码来打印字母模式。使用 ASCII 码的原因是为了递增字符。

代码

# Python program to print alphabet pattern

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the number of patterns when called
def alphabet(n):
   
  # initializing the character to start the pattern with
  # We will use the ASCII code to increment the pattern
  num = 65

  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows of the pattern
  for i in range(0, n):
   
    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns of the pattern
    for j in range(0, i + 1):
     
      # Converting the ASCII code to the character
      char = chr(num)
     
      # Printing the current character
      print(char, end=" ")
   
    # Incrementing the ASCII code to move to the next character
    num = num + 1
   
    # Starting a new line at the end of each row
    print("\r")

# Calling the Function
n = 5
alphabet(n)

输出

A 
B B 
C C C 
D D D D 
E E E E E

模式 - 2

此程序将连续打印字母，而不是在每一行都从 A 开始。与之前的算法相比，变化在于字符 ASCII 码的递增。在之前的代码中，我们在内层循环完成后，即在外层循环中，递增了代码值。此算法将为每一行递增代码值。在此算法中，我们将在内层循环中递增代码值，从而为每一行的每一列移动到下一个字符。

代码

# Python program to print number pattern

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the number of patterns when called
def alphabet(n):

  # initializing the character to start the pattern with
  # We will use the ASCII code to increment the pattern
  num = 65

  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows of the pattern
  for i in range(0, n):

    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns of the pattern
    for j in range(0, i + 1):

      # Converting the ASCII code to the character
      char = chr(num)

      # Printing the current character
      print(char, end=" ")

      # Incrementing the ASCII code to move to the next character in every column
      num = num + 1

    # Starting a new line at the end of each row
    print("\r")

# Calling the Function
n = 5
alphabet(n)

输出

A 
B C 
D E F 
G H I J 
K L M N O

模式 - 3

在此模式中，我们将打印一个字符三角形。

代码

# Python program to print the triangle pattern using characters

# Defining a function that will take the number of rows needed for the pattern and print the number of patterns when called
def alphabet(n):

  # initializing the character to start the pattern with
  num = 65
  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows of the pattern
  for i in range(0, n):

    # We have to print the spaces, too, in this pattern. the number of spaces depends on the number of rows hence, using row number, we can print the required number of spaces
    print(" " * (n - i), end = " ")

    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns of the pattern 
    for j in range(0, i + 1):

      # printing the alphabet for the current column
      print(chr(num), end = " ")

      # Incrementing the character
      num += 1

    # Initializing the character to begin with A in each row.
    num = 65
    print()

# Calling the Function
n = 5
alphabet(n)

输出

      A 
     A B 
    A B C 
   A B C D 
  A B C D E

复杂模式

模式 - 1

此程序分为四部分。

代码

# Python program to print the star pattern

# Defining the function that takes the number of rows and prints the pattern for the given number of rows
def star(n):
   
  # Initializing a loop to print the upper half of the pattern
  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows
  for i in range(1, n + 1):

    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns
    for j in range (1, 2 * n):
       
      # Printing the left part of the pattern
      if i > (n - j + 1):
        print("", end = ' ')
      else:
        print("*", end = '')
         
      # Printing the right part of the pattern
      if i + n - 1 > j:
        print("", end = ' ')
      else:
        print("*", end = '')
    print("");
     
  # Initializing a loop to print the lower half of the pattern
  for i in range (1, n + 1):
    for j in range (1, 2 * n):
      # Printing the left part of the pattern
      if i < j:
        print("", end = ' ')
      else:
        print("*", end = '')
         
      # Printing the right part of the pattern
      if i < 2 * n - j:
        print("", end = ' ')
      else:
        print("*", end = '')
    print("")
     
# Calling the function
star(5)

输出

模式 - 2

代码

# Python program to print the star pattern

# Defining the function that takes the number of rows and prints the pattern for the given number of rows
def star(n):
   
  # Initializing a loop to print the upper half of the pattern
  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows
  for i in range(1, n + 1):

    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns
    for j in range(1, 2 * n + 1):
       
      # Printing the left part of the pattern
      if (i < j):
        print("", end = " ");
      else:
        print("*", end = "");
         
      # Printing the right part of the pattern
      if (i <= ((2 * n) - j)):
        print("", end = " ");
      else:
        print("*", end = "");
    print("");
   
  # Initializing a loop to print the lower half of the pattern
  for i in range(1, n + 1):
    for j in range(1, 2 * n + 1):
       
      # Printing the left part of the pattern
      if (i > (n - j + 1)):
        print("", end = " ");
      else:
        print("*", end = "");
       
      # Printing the right part of the pattern
      if ((i + n) > j):
        print("", end = " ");
      else:
        print("*", end = "");
    print("");

# Calling the function
star(5)

输出

模式 - 3

代码

# Python program to print the star pattern

# Defining the function that takes the number of rows and prints the pattern for the given number of rows
def star(n):
   
  # Initializing a loop to print the upper half of the pattern
  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows
  for i in range(1, n + 2):

    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns
    for j in range(1, 2 * n + 1):
       
      # Printing the left part of the pattern
      # If the row number is less than the column number, then print nothing because we have to print stars equal to the row number in the first half of the pattern
      if (i < j):
        print("", end = " ")
      # If the row number is greater or equal to the column number, then we will print the star 
      else:
        print("*", end = " ")
         
      # Printing the right half of the pattern

      # Giving the condition for the pattern
      if (i <= ((2 * n) - j)):
        print("", end = "")
      else:
        print("*", end = "")
    print("")

   
  # Initializing a loop to print the lower half of the pattern
  for i in range(1, n + 1):
    for j in range(1, 2 * n + 1):
       
      # Printing the left part of the pattern
      if (i > (n - j + 1)):
        print("", end = " ")
      else:
        print("*", end = " ")
       
      # Printing the right part of the pattern
      if ((i + n) > j):
        print("", end = "")
      else:
        print("*", end = "")
    print("")

# Calling the function
star(4)

输出

模式 - 4

代码

# Python program to print the star and slash pattern

# Defining the function that takes the number of rows and prints the pattern for the given number of rows
def star(n):

 # The outer loop will iterate over the rows
 for i in range(1, n + 1):

  # The inner loop will iterate over the columns
  for j in range(1, n + 1):

   # Stating the conditions to print slashes on the diagonals of the pattern
   if i == j or i + j == n + 1:

    # Defining conditions for diagonal and off-diagonal slashes
    if i + j == (n + 1):
     print('/', end = '')
    else:

     # We have to use a double slash here because a single slash is a special character in Python
     print('\\', end = '')
   else:

    # Printing stars in the off-diagonal positions
    print('*', end = '')
  print('')
   
# Calling the function
star(9)

输出

\*******/
*\*****/*
**\***/**
***\*/***
****/****
***/*\***
**/***\**
*/*****\*
/*******\

模式 - 5

代码

# Python program to print the number pattern

# Defining the function that takes the number of rows and prints the pattern for the given number of rows
def star(n):

 # The outer loop will iterate over the rows
 for i in range(1, n + 1):

  # The inner loop will iterate over the columns 
  for j in range(n - i, -1, -1): 

    # Printing the column number starting from the rightmost column as the 0th column
    print(j, end = ' ') 
  print() 
  
# Calling the function
star(5)

输出

模式 - 6

代码

# Python program to print the pattern of the numbers

# Defining the function that takes the number of rows and prints the pattern for the given number of rows
def star(n):

 # Initializing a counter for maintaining the diagonal count
 k = 1
 # The outer loop will iterate over the rows
 for i in range(1, n + 1): 
  p = k 
  # The inner loop will iterate over the columns
  for j in range(1, i + 1): 
    print(p, end = ' ') 
    p = p - (n - i + j) 
  print() 
  k = k + 1 + (n - i) 
  
# Calling the function
star(6)

输出

1 
7 2 
12 8 3 
16 13 9 4 
19 17 14 10 5 
21 20 18 15 11 6

打印 G 模式

如果我们尝试使用 (行, 列) 矩阵来分析此图像，我们将发现这些过程，其中圆表示模式 G 中星号的位置。在这种情况下，过程是逐列进行的。因此，我们为第一行星号设置第一个 if 条件，该条件表示所有行从 1 到 (n-1) 都将接收星号，而行 0 和 (n-1) 则不会。类似地，我们想要行 = 0 和行 = (n-1) 的第二、第三和第四列中的星号。其余步骤不言而喻，并且从图表的行和列放置中可以清楚看出。

下面是该方法在 Python 中的实现。

代码

# Python program to print a G pattern

# Defining the function that takes the number of rows and prints the pattern for the given number of rows
def pattern(n):

  # initializing the variable to keep track of the stars and spaces
  g = "" 

  # The outer loop will iterate over the rows
  for i in range(0, n): 

    # The inner loop will iterate over the columns  
    for j in range(0, n):   

      # Specifying the condition to print the pattern
      if ((j == 1 and i != 0 and i != n - 1) or ((i == 0 or
        i == n - 1) and j > 1 and j < n - 2) or (i == ((n - 1) / 2) 
        and j > n - 5 and j < n - 1) or (j == n - 2 and
        i != 0 and i != n - 1 and i >= ((n - 1) / 2))): 
        g = g + "*" 
      else:   
        g = g + " " 
    g = g + "\n" 
  return g 
  
# Calling the function 
n = 9
print(pattern(n)) 

输出

下一个主题Python 中 sizeof 和 getsizeof 方法的区别

Python中打印图案

简单金字塔模式

方法 - 1

方法 - 2

方法 - 3

方法 - 4

旋转模式

方法 - 1

方法 - 2

方法 - 3

打印三角形

方法 - 1

数字模式

方法 - 1

方法 - 2

方法 - 3

打印字母

模式 - 1

模式 - 2

模式 - 3

复杂模式

模式 - 1

模式 - 2

模式 - 3

模式 - 4

模式 - 5

模式 - 6

打印 G 模式

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其他

Python中打印图案

简单金字塔模式

方法 - 1

方法 - 2

方法 - 3

方法 - 4

旋转模式

方法 - 1

方法 - 2

方法 - 3

打印三角形

方法 - 1

数字模式

方法 - 1

方法 - 2

方法 - 3

打印字母

模式 - 1

模式 - 2

模式 - 3

复杂模式

模式 - 1

模式 - 2

模式 - 3

模式 - 4

模式 - 5

模式 - 6

打印 G 模式

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