直接引语和间接引语规则2025年3月17日 | 阅读 8 分钟 在日常生活中,我们经常使用直接引语和间接引语。在深入研究规则之前,让我们先看看它们的含义和定义。 直接引语不言自明,比如那些以自然形式准确转述个人想法的陈述。 它通常用引号括起来,以便读者清楚地知道引用的陈述是说话者最初的原话。 ![]() 间接引语通常被称为转述引语、间接叙述或间接话语。在语法中,当你用自己的语言复述他人的话而不改变陈述的含义时,就发生了间接说话。 这是引用某人的评论,而不使用他们自己的话,并改变信息含义的转述引语。 直接引语和间接引语的规则直接引语转间接引语规则 将直接引语句子转换为间接引语时,会评估各种标准,包括叙述动词、情态动词、时间、地点、代词、时态等。请继续阅读以单独了解这些元素。 规则 1 - 直接引语转间接引语 - 叙述动词当直接引语中的叙述动词是过去时态时。在这种情况下,间接引语中的所有现在时态都将转换为适当的过去时态。 直接转间接引语的例子 直接引语: Helen said, 'I am glad'. 间接引语: Helen said (that) she was glad. 如果引语(“ ”)中的词语指的是习惯性行为或普遍真理,那么间接引语中的时态就不会改变。 这种转换类型的例子如下; 直接引语: John said, 'They cannot survive in water'. 间接引语: John said that they cannot survive in water. 根据间接叙述动词是将来时态还是现在时态,直接引语的时态不发生变化。 直接转间接引语的例子 直接引语: He says/will say, 'I am heading. ' 间接引语: He says/will say he is heading. 规则 2 - 将直接引语转换为间接引语 - 现在时现在完成时变为过去完成时。 直接转间接引语的例子 直接引语: "I have been to Bulgaria", she told me. 间接引语: She told me that she had been to Bulgaria. 直接转间接引语示例:现在进行时转为过去进行时 直接引语: "I like performing on stage", he explained. 间接引语: He explained that he liked performing on stage. 现在完成时转为过去完成时 直接转间接引语示例; 直接引语: John said, "Helen has completed her schoolwork ". 间接引语: John said that Helen had completed her schoolwork. 一般现在时转一般过去时 直接转间接引语示例; 直接引语:" I am unwell, he said. 间接引语: He said that he was unwell. 规则 3 - 将直接引语转换为间接引语 - 过去时和将来时直接转间接引语示例:一般过去时转过去完成时 直接引语: He said, "Richardson reached on Monday. " 间接引语: He said that Richardson had reached out on Monday. 过去进行时转为过去完成进行时 以下是一些示例 直接引语: "We were making a painting", they told us. 间接引语: They told us that they had been making the painting. 将来时转为现在条件句的例子 直接引语: He said, "I will be in Ireland on Wednesday. " 间接引语: He said that he would be in Ireland on Wednesday. 将来进行时转为条件性进行时 直接转间接引语的例子 直接引语: She said, "I'll be throwing away the old laptop next Wednesday. " 间接引语: She said that she would be throwing away the old laptop the following Wednesday. 要通过语言能力测试,您必须对直接引语和间接引语有扎实的理解,以及它们在英语中的用法和适用性。 规则 4 - 将直接引语转换为间接引语 - 疑问句如果直接引语句子以疑问词(what/where/when)开头,则不使用连词。这是因为“疑问词”本身起到了连接作用。 直接转间接引语的例子 直接引语: "Where do you reside?" asked the woman. 间接引语: The boy inquired as to where I resided. 如果直接引语句子的第一个词是助动词/情态动词,则连接词应为 if 或 whether。 直接转间接引语的例子 直接引语: He said, 'Will you come for the conference' ? 间接引语: He asked whether we would come for the conference. 叙述动词如 'said/said to' 变为 questioned, requested, 或 demanded。 直接转间接引语的例子 直接引语: John said to me, 'What are you holding' ? 间接引语: John asked me what I was holding. 规则 5 - 从直接引语到间接引语的转换 - 情态动词变化从直接引语切换到间接引语时,句子中使用的情态动词会发生如下变化 Could 替换 can。 May 变为 Might。 Must 变为 had to/would have to。 请看以下例子 直接引语: Elizabeth said, 'She can sing a song'. 间接引语: Elizabeth said that she could sing a song. 直接引语: Eloy said, 'I may purchase a suit'. 间接引语: Eloy said that he might purchase a suit. 直接引语: Arjun said, 'I must finish the homework'. 间接引语: Arjun stated that he has to finish the homework. 有些情态动词不变:Could, Would, Should, Might, 和 Ought to。 直接引语: Kishan said, 'I should wash the dishes. ' 间接引语: Kishan said that he should wash the dishes. 规则 6 - 直接引语到间接引语的转换 - 代词直接引语中的第一人称根据话语的主题进行转换。 这是此规则的一个例子,转换。 直接引语: Seema said, "I am in class Tenth. " 间接引语: Seema says that she was in class Tenth. 转述引语的目的是决定直接引语中的第二人称。 直接和间接引语的例子 - 直接引语: Elizabeth says to us, "You have accomplished your tasks. " 间接引语: Elizabeth says to us that we have accomplished our tasks. 直接引语中的第三人称保持不变。 直接和间接引语的例子 - 直接引语: John says, "He skates well. " 间接引语: John says that he skates well. 规则 7 - 直接引语到间接引语的转换 - 请求、命令、愿望、感叹。一些帮助间接引语的动词包括 requested, ordered, suggested, 和 recommended。否定句使用 forbid-forbade。因此,直接引语中的祈使句在间接话语中被不定式动词取代。 直接引语: Kate said to him, 'Please fulfill it'. 间接引语: Kate asked him to fulfill it. 直接引语: Ahmed said to Rashid, 'Take a seat. 间接引语: Ahmed ordered Rashid to take a seat. 感叹词从表示痛苦、悲伤、喜悦或赞扬的感叹句中删除,句子被改为陈述句。 直接引语: Sophie said, 'Alas! 'I am ruined. ' 间接引语: Sophie exclaimed regrettably that she was ruined. 规则 8 - 直接引语到间接引语的转换 - 标点符号直接引语中实际说的词必须用(“ ”)引号括起来,并且应以大写字母开头。 例如,she stated, "I am the strongest. " 句号、逗号、感叹号或问号放在最后一个引号内。 示例:Group asked, "Can we dance with you? " 如果直接引语后面跟着说话者是谁的信息,则在第一个引号前使用逗号开始引语。 直接引语示例:William shouted, "Keep quiet! " 他举了一个直接引语的例子:“回顾过去,”他补充道,“她不希望获胜。”(逗号分隔两个直接陈述,后面的句子不以大写字母开头。) 规则 9 - 从直接引语到间接引语的转换 - 时间变化在间接交流中,表示时间或地点接近的词语会被表示距离的词语替换。例如,
示例 直接引语: William said, 'His sister arrived yesterday. ' 间接引语: William said that his sister had arrived yesterday. 如果叙述动词是现在时态或将来时态,则时间表达保持不变。 示例 直接引语: George says/will say, 'My sister came today. ' 间接引语: George says/will say that his sister had come today. 将间接引语转换为直接引语的规则将间接引语转换为直接引语时,必须满足以下要求
![]() 请看以下例子 间接引语: Kate asked whether he was heading to the date night. 直接引语: Kate said to him, "Are you heading to the date night? " 间接引语: The woman said that he was delighted with her outcome. 直接引语: The woman said. "I am delighted with my outcome. " 直接引语与间接引语的区别![]() 以下是直接和间接引语的一些例子
结论直接和间接交流的目的都是传递信息或观点。直接引语是逐字逐句的。在间接引语中,说话者要为自己的话负责。 一个人在转述他人指示时所建立的信任至关重要。因此,中间人必须赢得人们的信任。这也适用于委托人。因此,在使用直接和间接引语时,时态必须始终加以考虑。区分直接引语和间接引语的主要规则是,直接引语中使用倒引号,而间接引语则不使用。此外,在间接交流中,我们通常使用“that”一词。 下一个主题形容词的级别 |
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