过去完成进行时

过去完成进行时表示一个在过去某个时间开始并持续到过去某个时间点的动作。为了表示时间长度，使用“since/for”。“Since”用于表示时间点，“For”用于表示时间段。句子的结构是

主语 + had + been + since/for + V4 (动词的ing形式) + 其他词

示例

• I had been driving since five o'clock in the morning. (我从早上五点就开始开车了。)
• He had been touring India for two weeks. (他已经在印度旅行了两周。)
• They had been learning English for six months. (他们已经学了六个月的英语。)
• Ravi had been applying for the jobs for three months. (Ravi已经申请了三个月的工作。)
• The painter had been painting the wall for the last four days. (这位画家已经在粉刷墙壁四天了。)

注意：过去完成进行时也用来表示一个在过去持续了很长时间的动作或状态。

例子: he had been writing. (他一直在写。) They had been playing. (他们一直在玩。) He had been a teacher. (他曾是一名教师。) She had been ill. (她曾生病。)

各种句式中过去完成进行时的结构

1. 陈述句：在过去完成进行时的陈述句中，使用“had been”，后面跟V4（动词的ing形式）。“Since”和“for”分别用于表示时间点和时间段。句子的结构是

主语 + had been + V4 + 其他词

示例:

• I had been baking the cake. (我一直在烤蛋糕。)
• We had been baking the cake. (我们一直在烤蛋糕。)
• You had been baking the cake. (你一直在烤蛋糕。)
• He/she had been baking the cake. (他/她一直在烤蛋糕。)
• They had been baking the cake. (他们一直在烤蛋糕。)
• John had been baking the cake. (John一直在烤蛋糕。)
• Girls had been baking the cake. (女孩们一直在烤蛋糕。)
• The bell had been ringing for a long time. (铃声响了很长时间了。)
• Ajay had been writing a novel for two months. (Ajay已经写了一本小说两个月了。)
• Sumant had been teaching since October. (Sumant从十月份就开始教书了。)

2. 否定句：在过去完成进行时的否定句中，“not”用在“had”和“been”之间。句子的结构是

主语 + had not been + V4 + 其他词

示例

• I had not been baking the cake. (我没有一直在烤蛋糕。)
• We had not been baking the cake. (我们没有一直在烤蛋糕。)
• You had not been baking the cake. (你没有一直在烤蛋糕。)
• He/she had not been baking the cake. (他/她没有一直在烤蛋糕。)
• They had not been baking the cake. (他们没有一直在烤蛋糕。)
• John had not been baking the cake. (John没有一直在烤蛋糕。)
• Girls had not been baking the cake. (女孩们没有一直在烤蛋糕。)
• The bell had not been ringing for a long time. (铃声没有响了很长时间。)
• Ajay had not been writing a novel for two months. (Ajay没有写一本小说两个月了。)
• Sumant had not been teaching since October. (Sumant从十月份就没开始教书了。)

3. 疑问句：在过去完成进行时的疑问句中，“had”放在主语前面，“been”放在主语后面。句子的结构是

Had + 主语 + been + V4 + 其他词

示例

• Had I been baking the cake? (我一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had we been baking the cake? (我们一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had you been baking the cake? (你一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had he/she been baking the cake? (他/她一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had they been baking the cake? (他们一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had john been baking the cake? (John一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had girls been baking the cake? (女孩们一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had the bell been ringing for a long time? (铃声响了很长时间了吗？)
• Had Ajay been writing a novel for two months? (Ajay已经写了一本小说两个月了吗？)
• Had Mr. Sumant been teaching since October 2020? (Sumant先生从2020年10月就开始教书了吗？)

4. 否定疑问句：在过去完成进行时的否定疑问句中，“not”放在主语后面。句子的结构是

Had + 主语 + not been + V4 + 其他词

示例

• Had I not been baking the cake? (我没有一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had we not been baking the cake? (我们没有一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had you not been baking the cake? (你没有一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had he/she not been baking the cake? (他/她没有一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had they not been baking the cake? (他们没有一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had girls not been baking the cake? (女孩们没有一直在烤蛋糕吗？)
• Had the bell not been ringing for a long time? (铃声没有响了很长时间吗？)
• Had Ajay not been writing a novel for two months? (Ajay没有写一本小说两个月了吗？)
• Had Mr. Sumant not been teaching since October 2020? (Sumant先生从2020年10月就没开始教书了吗？)

过去完成进行时的用法

• 它用于描述一个在过去开始并持续到过去某个时间点或在此之前不久才停止的动作。
  例子: The child had been crying for twenty minutes when the mother came to him. (当母亲来到孩子身边时，孩子已经哭了二十分钟了。) Until she reached the fifth (5^th) class, Rani had been studying in a village school. (在Rani上到五年级之前，她一直在村里的一所学校读书。)
• 它也用于描述过去重复发生的动作。
  例子: John had been trying to call Ajay all day yesterday. (昨天，John一整天都在试图打电话给Ajay。)

注意：这种句子也可以用过去完成时来描述。

例子: Yesterday, John had tried to call Ajay many times. (昨天，John已经多次尝试给Ajay打电话。)

• 当直接引语是现在完成进行时，在间接引语中用过去完成进行时。
  示例
  Direct speech: Rohan said, "I have been living here for six months." (Rohan说：“我在这里住六个月了。”)
  Indirect speech: Rohan said that he had been living here for six months. (Rohan说他在这里住了六个月了。)