反身代词

17 Mar 2025 | 4 分钟阅读

概述与定义

当一个短语的主语和宾语相同时,就使用反身代词。它们是词尾为 -self 或 -selves 的词(例如:I have faith in myself)。这些词可以作为直接宾语或间接宾语。

Reflexive Pronouns

Myself, yourself, him, her, oneself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, 和 themselves 是九个英语反身代词。它们指代一个人或一个物体。

因此,当动词的主语和宾语完全相同时,通常会使用反身代词。(这可能是反身代词的重要规则之一)

让我们来看几个反身代词的例子;

  1. I injured myself while cooking pizza last night.
  2. I hope you enjoy yourselves at the concert tonight!
  3. My smartphone isn't functioning properly. It turns itself off for no explicable cause.
  4. We should have more faith in ourselves.

何时使用反身代词?

反身代词用于显示/表达主语作用于自身或为了自身。主语作用于自身,而不是作用于另一个宾语,无论是字面意义上还是比喻意义上。

这在使用第三人称复数时尤其有用。让我们看看下面提到的句子

They enthralled them.

They enthralled themselves.

Reflexive Pronouns

在第一个例子中,不清楚“them”是否指代其他事物,还是指代句子的主语/名词“they”。

在第二个例子中,你会有更好的理解,因为你知道“they”指代的事物或人与“themselves”是相同的。

反身代词是宾语

反身代词的结尾是一个重要的区分特征。它们通常以 -self 或 -selves 结尾,并指代之前提到的词或代词。

一个需要考虑的重要事项是,反身代词总是作为短语的宾语,出现在动词之后。

例如:

I trained myself to play instruments.

You know yourself best than anybody else.

在第一个例子中,主语/名词是“I”,动词是“train”,反身代词“myself”指代名词“I”。“Myself”也是宾语,因为它回应了“trained”这个词。

在上述情况下,主语/名词是“you”,动词是“know”,反身代词是“yourself”,它指代名词“you”。“You”也是宾语,回应了“know”这个词。

反身代词作为直接宾语或间接宾语

它们可以指代直接宾语和间接宾语。当反身代词是直接宾语时,它的作用类似于主语,并承担及物动词的功能, 例如:

I cut myself while chopping down the plant.

We have been gearing up ourselves for influenza season.

当反身代词用作间接宾语时,它解释了行为或动作是为了什么或为了谁而进行的。例如:

I purchased a small automobile for myself.

We will offer ourselves a binge day.

Reflexive Pronouns

使用反身代词来表达独立行为

你可以将反身代词与“by”一词连用,表示“独自”或“没有帮助”

I went to the theatre by myself.

The kids cleaned up their dormitories by themselves.

反身代词作为强调代词

这些代词也可以用来强调名词或代词,在这种情况下,它们被称为强调代词或加强代词。当它是强调性时,可以省略该代词,句子仍然有意义

I authored all the lyrics myself. (I authored all the lyrics.)

Thomas isn't bluffing. Peter himself confessed to me. (Peter confessed to me.)

使用反身代词时的常见错误

某些领域中反身代词的过度使用很普遍。最常见的错误是在一个句子中使用复合主语或复合宾语时使用反身代词。

下面是第一种错误的典型例子。

Ian and myself will undertake today's conference. - Incorrect

我们如何理解 myself 在这个句子中不属于复合主语(Ian 和说话者)的一部分?移除 Ian,看看剩下的部分是否能正常工作。

Myself will undertake today's conference. - Incorrect

显然,myself 是无效的,但主语代词 I 是有效的。

I will undertake today's conference.- Correct

Ian and I will undertake today's conference.- Correct

在当今的职场中,反身代词作为宾语的误用同样普遍。

You may send your expenditures to Mr. James or myself before Saturday.- Incorrect

Mr. James 和说话者是这个句子的间接宾语,而 you 是主语。通过从句子中移除 Mr. James,可以清楚地看出 myself 在这里不适用。

You may send your expenditures to myself before Saturday.- Incorrect

相反,句子需要使用宾格代词 me。

You may send your expenditures to me before Saturday.- Correct

You may send your expenditures to Mr. James or me before Saturday.- Correct

Reflexive Pronouns

结论

在日常语言中,反身代词很常见。它们允许你清晰地指代或强调句子的主语。

反身代词的一些更多例子

  1. I whispered to myself to relax.
  2. When you're sick, rather than diagnosing yourself, consult a doctor.
  3. The skyscraper would crumble in on itself if it did not have a robust steel frame.
  4. We believed to ourselves, that's been the finest day we have already managed to spend together!
  5. Kate purchased herself a new dress for her new position.
  6. She wouldn't be so fit if she wasn't pressing herself every time at the fitness center.
  7. Pull yourselves together - Principal will be visiting any second!
  8. They handled themselves quite well as participants of the summit panel.
  9. It is important not to hurt oneself with the blade.
  10. She admired herself in the mirror
Reflexive Pronouns

本节关于反身代词的内容到此结束,经常练习可以帮助你更好地掌握这个概念。


下一个主题分配代词