动词类型

2025年3月17日 | 阅读 8 分钟
Types of Verb

动词主要有两种类型:实义动词(也称为动作动词),它是主要动词;和助动词(也称为帮助动词)。实义动词又分为两类:动作动词系动词,而动作动词又分为及物动词不及物动词两部分。助动词分为两类:情态助动词非情态助动词。请看下图。

Types of Verb

动词所有划分和子划分的详细信息

1. 实义动词

实义动词是主要动词,它们可以是动作动词和系动词

i) 动作动词:指人、物或动物所做的动作。例如:come, go, run, dance, jump, laugh, read, write, speak, sing 等。

示例

  • Rahul walks into the garden.(这里 **walks** 是动作动词)
  • The sun shines in the sky.(这里 **shines** 是动作动词)
  • The monkey jumps on the tree.(这里 **jump** 是动作动词)
  • The policeman blew his whistle.(这里 **blew** 是动作动词)
  • We eat our food slowly and chew it well.(这里 **eat** 和 **chew** 是动作动词)

动作动词进一步细分为及物动词和不及物动词。

a. 及物动词:动作动词可以是及物动词或不及物动词。及物动词是有宾语的动词,宾语受到主语动作的影响。及物动词可以被动化。

示例

  • My dog ate my homework.(这里 **ate** 是及物动词,**my homework** 是宾语)
  • Mehak sang a beautiful song.(这里 **sang** 是及物动词,**a beautiful song** 是宾语)
  • The pilot landed the plane safely.(这里 **landed** 是及物动词,**the plane** 是宾语)
  • I enjoy my science lessons.(这里 **enjoy** 是及物动词,**my science lesson** 是宾语)
  • The shot sank the ship.(这里 **sank** 是及物动词,**the ship** 是宾语)
  • Do you see the pole star?(这里 **see** 是及物动词,**the pole star** 是宾语)

b. 不及物动词:不及物动词是没有宾语的动词。因此,这里没有受到动作影响的事物。不及物动词不能被动化。

示例

  • The ship **sank**
  • Some ants **fight** very fiercely.
  • The bus **stopped**
  • Some TV programs are very
  • Are you **coming** or not?

ii) 系动词:将主语与表语连接起来的动词称为系动词。这里的表语是形容词、名词,有时是副词和短语。系动词表达关于人或事的事实。

示例

  • I feel sorry.(这里 **feel** 是系动词,连接主语 **I** 和表语 **sorry**。)
  • The glass is transparent.(这里 **is** 是系动词,连接主语 **the glass** 和表语。)
  • The roses look beautiful.(这里 **look** 是系动词)
  • My brother is an IAS officer.(这里 'is' 是系动词)
  • Raj wants to become a computer engineer.(这里 **wants to become** 是系动词。)

2. 助动词

它也称为帮助动词。助动词的意思是“额外的”,所以它是一个为实义动词增添内容的动词。它有助于构成时态和其他语态。进一步,它被细分为两部分:情态动词和非情态动词

i) 非情态动词:非情态动词通过构成时态来帮助表示动作发生的时间,无论是现在、过去还是将来。以下列出了哪些非情态动词构成何种时态。

a) 现在时:非情态动词;**is, am, are, have, has, do, and does** 用于表示现在时。

示例

  • I **am** going to eat my food now.(现在进行时)
  • You **have** done your work neatly. Keep it up.(现在完成时)
  • He **is** shopping with his parents at the moment.(现在进行时)
  • The emu **is** a flightless bird.(现在进行时)
  • The children **are** playing in the garden.(现在进行时)
  • **Do** we not do good work?(一般现在时)
  • **Does** he write properly?(一般现在时)

b) 过去时:非情态动词;**was, were, had, did** 用于表示过去时。

示例

  • I **was** eating my food yesterday.(过去进行时)
  • You **had** done your work neatly.(过去完成时)
  • He **was** shopping with his parents last Monday.(过去进行时)
  • The children **were** playing in the garden.(过去进行时)
  • **Did** we not do good work?(一般过去时)
  • **Did** he write properly?(一般过去时)
  • It **was** very cold yesterday.(过去进行时)

c) 将来时:非情态动词;**shall, will, shall be, will be, will have**,用于表示将来时。

示例

  • I **shall be** eating my food tomorrow.(将来进行时)
  • You **will have** done your work neatly.(将来完成时)
  • He **will be** shopping with his parents.(将来进行时)
  • The children **will be** playing in the garden.(将来进行时)
  • **Shall** we not do good work?(一般将来时)
  • **Will** he write properly?(一般将来时)
  • It **will** be very cold tomorrow.(将来进行时)

ii) 情态动词:情态动词表达能力、可能性、义务等概念。它们用在主要动词之前,并且与它们一起,动词的形式始终保持其基本和原始形式。情态动词也不随主语的数和人称而改变。它们共有十三个;**can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, used to, need, and dare**。

a) Can:用于表达能力、许可和可能性。

示例

  • He **can** solve this problem.(能力)
  • Sohan **can** come here any moment.(可能性)
  • **Can** I take your pen?(许可)
  • **Can** you lift this box?(能力)

b) Could:用于表达许可、请求、可能性和能力。

示例

  • **Could** you please pass me that notebook?(请求)
  • **Could** I go with you?(许可)
  • **Could** it be possible to rain?
  • He **could** do it properly.(能力)

c) May:用于表达可能性、许可、祝愿、希望或祈祷。

示例

  • **May** I come in?(许可)
  • **May** you live happily and long!(祝愿)
  • **May** you win the match!(希望)
  • **May** God bless you!(祈祷)
  • He **may** come tomorrow.(可能性)

d) Might:用于表达微弱的可能性和目的。

示例

  • I thought he **might** be at the office.(可能性)
  • He **might** help his friend.(可能性)

e) Shall and will:基本上,shall 和 will 都用于表示将来时。在古英语中,shall 用于表示第一人称,但在现代英语中,shall 的使用被避免,will 的使用在所有地方都占主导地位。有时它们用作情态动词,尤其是 'will'。Will 用于表达确定性、决心、承诺、意愿等。

示例

  • Tomorrow **will** be Saturday.(将来时)
  • We **shall** meet you again.(将来时)
  • I **will** try to do better.(承诺)
  • I **will** work hard to get success.(决心)
  • I **will** help you with cooking.(意愿)
  • I **will** complete my project next Monday.(确定性)

f) Should:用于表达建议、愿望、期望、义务、可能性、推测,同时它也用作 shall 和 will 的过去式等价物。

示例

  • You **should** help the person in need.(建议)
  • We **should** be polite to the children.(愿望)
  • He **should** be polite to us.(期望)
  • They **should** be in the classroom now.(可能性)
  • Children **should** obey their parents.(义务)
  • I told him that I **should** go to Mumbai the next week.(这里表示过去的将来时)

g) Would:用于表达习惯、选择、愿望、偏好、虚拟条件、决心等,同时它也用作 shall 和 will 的过去式等价物。

示例

  • **Would** you like to have tea or coffee?(选择)
  • My granny **would** narrate stories to me.(习惯)
  • **Would** that I were a king!(愿望/希望)
  • I **would** prefer death to dishonor.(偏好)
  • Had you worked hard, you **would** have passed.(虚拟条件)
  • He **would** do it whether you like it or not.(决心)

h) Must:用于表达建议、义务、强迫、必要性、决心和禁止。

示例

  • You **must** pay your fee tomorrow.(义务)
  • You **must** learn your lesson regularly.(强调建议)
  • We **must** follow the rules of the road.(强迫)
  • You **must** help your friend in the hour of need.(必要性)
  • I **must** leave for Bombay today.(决心)
  • You **must not** leave home without taking breakfast.(禁止)

i) Ought to:用于表达义务和可能性。

示例

  • We **ought to** love our neighbors.(义务)
  • We **ought to** respect our teachers.(义务)
  • Food prices **ought to** come down soon.(可能性)
  • This book **ought to** be very useful.(可能性)

j) Used to:用于表达过去的习惯。

示例

  • When I was young, I **used to** work for twelve hours.(陈述句)
  • He **used** not **to** smoke, but now he is a chain smoker.(否定句)
  • **Used** she **to** work hard when she was a student?(疑问句)
  • We are not **used to** telling lies.(被动语态句)

k) Need to:它既是情态助动词,也是普通动词。Need 的主要用途是表达必要性或需求。

示例

  • He **needs to** go to the supermarket.
  • One **needs to** be careful.

l) Dare:它通常用于否定句和疑问句。这个词表示挑战。

示例

  • How **dare** you take my pen?
  • She **dared** not do it.
  • They don't **dare** speak to me.

其他动词类型

使动动词:使动动词之所以这样称呼,是因为它们导致或允许其他人或事物发生。在英语中,使动动词是指一个表示某人或某物促成或帮助某事发生的动词。在这里,主语不自己做事,而是让别人或事物替自己做事。**let, have, make, get, and help** 等词是主要的使动动词。然而,其他一些词,如 allow, require, force, enable, cause, persuade 等,也充当使动动词。以下是句子中使动动词的例子。

示例

  • **Let** him do what he wants.
  • He will not **let** me use his phone.
  • Will he **let** me use his phone?
  • They were **having** their door painted.
  • I will **have** his parcel received tomorrow.
  • He will **get** his hair cut tomorrow.
  • They were **getting** his friend dropped at the railway station.
  • She **makes** him laugh.
  • My friends **made** me laugh whenever I felt disappointed.
  • He is not **allowed** to go inside the classroom.
  • Parents do not **allow** their kids to watch cartoons during study time.
  • My coach **helped** me in practicing the match.
  • They will **help** him to clean the house.
  • Google **enables** us to find all the answers easily.
  • Our willpower **enables** us to do anything.
  • You can't **force** me to do this work.
  • The police will **force** the witness to tell the truth.
  • Unemployment and poverty is the **cause** of his crime.
  • He doesn't want to **cause** me trouble.
  • The principal **required** all students to come on time.
  • The construction of the building **requires** more money this month.
  • I **persuaded** my friend to consult a good doctor.
  • Raj is planning to **persuade** his friends to go on vacation.

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