实义动词

17 Mar 2025 | 6 分钟阅读

动词分为主要动词和助动词两大类。本文将解释什么是主要动词以及它的含义。通过例句,可以更好地理解主要动词在英语中的用法。

什么是主要动词?

主要动词也称为词汇动词或动作动词。它告诉我们一个动作、发生或状态。主要动词构成了句子谓语的主要部分。换句话说,它是一个词,告诉我们关于某人或某事的信息。它告诉我们某人或某事所做的动作,发生在某人或某事身上的事情,某人或某事的状态,以及所有权。

Main Verb

识别主要动词

我们可以通过查看个人主要的动作或状态来识别动词中的主要动词。要找到主要动词,你需要先完全理解句子,然后运用这种理解来揭示构成其意义的各个组成部分。

谓语包含主要动词,它表达了陈述的重点的主要活动或状况。主要动词可以独立使用,也可以与提供意义和丰富性的短语一起使用。

如何在句子中使用主要动词?

主要动词进一步细分为规则动词和不规则动词。动词的用法取决于主要动词的类型。

当规则动词变位以生成特定时态时,它们遵循相同的规则。而不规则动词则有独特的变位来创建过去式和过去分词形式。

因此,这些动词作为主要动词用于表示各种时态,取决于动词的类型。

为更好地理解,请看以下示例。

  • I am a football player. (我是一名足球运动员。)
  • She is going food shopping. (她要去买菜。)
  • The youngster loved the dessert. (那个年轻人很喜欢甜点。)
  • My mother knows how to use the computer. (我妈妈知道如何使用电脑。)
  • Cindy asked Sheena to work on the files that were pending. (Cindy 让 Sheena 处理待办的文件。)

主要动词示例

为了更清楚地理解,请看下面的例子

i) 一个人、事物或动物所做的就是动作。

示例

  • Rohan drives the car. (Rohan 开车。)
  • He will help the poor with money. (他将用钱帮助穷人。)
  • The birds build their nest. (鸟儿筑巢。)
  • The clock strikes at 10. (时钟十点敲响。)
  • We celebrate our friend's birthday. (我们庆祝朋友的生日。)

ii) 一个人、事物或动物是什么。(存在)

示例

  • The dog is (狗是)
  • Ajay is an intelligent (Ajay 很聪明)
  • Students are good at mathematics. (学生们擅长数学。)
  • The spider was tiny and black. (蜘蛛又小又黑。)
  • The house is very big and beautiful. (这房子很大很漂亮。)

iii) 一个人、事物或动物拥有什么(拥有/所属)

示例

  • I have a new laptop. (我有一个新笔记本电脑。)
  • They have their own house. (他们有自己的房子。)
  • That tree is the house of monkeys (那棵树是猴子的家)
  • The house has all necessary materials. (这房子有所有必需的材料。)
  • The lion has a beautiful mane. (狮子有美丽的鬃毛。)

此外,主要动词又分为 **动作动词** 和 **连接动词** 两个部分。

动作动词: 描述身体和精神动作。它告诉我们一个人、事物或动物做什么(动作)。例如:Eat, drink, jump, think, feel, fall and walk. (吃、喝、跳、思考、感觉、摔倒和走路。)

句子中的动作动词示例

  • Children play in the garden. (孩子们在花园里玩耍。)
  • Anu eats food slowly. (Anu 慢慢地吃饭。)
  • Monkey jumps on the tree. (猴子在树上跳。)
  • The sun rises in the east and set in the west. (太阳从东方升起,在西方落下。)
  • The earth revolves around the sun. (地球围绕太阳旋转。)
  • The committee decides how to proceed. (委员会决定如何进行。)
  • The team runs during practice. (团队在训练中跑步。)
  • The coach agrees that I should practice more. (教练同意我应该多练习。)
  • You must finish the work by 4 pm. (你必须在下午 4 点前完成工作。)
  • They submit their paper on time. (他们按时提交了论文。)
  • The postman delivers letters regularly. (邮递员定期送信。)
  • She solves the sum quickly. (她快速地解答了这道题。)
  • Sharma teaches us English. (Sharma 教我们英语。)
  • I owe him thirty thousand rupees. (我欠他三万卢比。)
  • Miska told me an interesting story. (Miska 给我讲了一个有趣的故事。)

连接动词: 它将主语与补语连接起来。连接动词是表示某人或某事的事实,而不是告诉我们这个人或事做了什么。连接动词是“to be', 'to become', 和 'to seem' 的各种形式。还有一些连接动词包括;appear, become, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remains, seem, smell, taste, and turn. (出现、成为、感觉、得到、去、成长、保持、看起来、证明、仍然、似乎、闻起来、尝起来、变成。)

示例

  • Sky is blue. (天空是蓝色的。这里,“is”是连接主语“sky”和补语“blue”的连接动词。)
  • It seems absurd. (这似乎很荒谬。这里“seems”是连接主语“it”和补语“absurd”的连接动词。)
  • He became a famous doctor. (他成了一名著名的医生。(这里 'became' 是连接动词))

不及物动词和及物动词主要动词

主要动词可以是及物动词或不及物动词。

不及物动词没有直接宾语,而及物动词有。及物动词需要直接宾语来接收其动作。而不及物动词则可以在没有直接宾语的情况下表示动作,使句子完整。请看以下例子。

及物动词

  • She attended the celebration. (她参加了庆祝活动。)
  • Jenna fed the kitty. (Jenna 喂了小猫。)
  • Freda loves chocolate. (Freda 喜欢巧克力。)

不及物动词

  • The turbine blew. (涡轮机吹动了。)
  • Johnny laughed. (Johnny 笑了。)
  • The rings disappeared. (戒指消失了。)

主要动词和助动词的区别是什么?

主要动词和助动词的基本区别在于,主要动词在句子中作为主要动词,并代表主语在句子中执行的主要动作,而助动词与主要动词一起使用以表示动词的时态。为了更好地理解,请看以下示例。

  • Arun is a retailer. (在这个例子中,“is”作为主要动词,表示 Arun 作为销售员的身份。)
  • The feathered bird flew from one branch to another. (在这个例子中,“flew”作为主要动词,表示鸟儿过去从一根树枝飞到另一根树枝的动作。)
  • David will be waiting for us at the gate. (“Will be”是助动词,“waiting”是主要动词,表示 David 未来将在门口等我们的进行中的动作。)
  • He has come all the way from Illinois to express his love for her. (“Has”是助动词,“come”是主要动词,表示她最近从 Illinois 来表达对她的爱。)
  • He loves sandwiches and patties over everything else. (“Loves”是句子中的主要动词,表示他对三明治和肉饼的偏爱超过其他一切。)

使用主要动词时的常见错误

主要动词时态使用上的差异会影响上下文和理解。错误可能是时态表示不当、未来时态形式的错误改编,或者词组中时态的错误转移。主要动词时态也可能在一个段落中有所变化。一个常见的语言错误是当一篇文章以现在时开始,然后无缘无故地转为过去时。

  • 错误 - That novel is belonging to me. (那本小说属于我。)
  • 正确 - the novel belongs to me. (那本小说属于我。)
  • 错误 - Everybody are hardworking. (每个人都很努力。)
  • 正确 - Everybody works hard. (每个人都很努力。)
  • 错误 - Richard looks sadly. (Richard 看起来很悲伤。)
  • 正确 - Richard looks sad. (Richard 看起来很悲伤。)
  • 错误 - They have constructed the home since August last. (他们自去年八月以来就建造了这座房子。)
  • 正确 - They have been constructing the home since August last. (他们自去年八月以来一直在建造这座房子。)
  • 错误 - The oranges are tasted sweet. (橙子尝起来很甜。)
  • 正确 - The orange taste sweet. (橙子尝起来很甜。)

更多示例如下

  • All the children seem satisfied with the bouncy castle. (所有的孩子似乎都对弹力城堡很满意。)
  • George felt sleepy after eating the whole pizza. (George 吃完整个披萨后感到困倦。)
  • The cinnamon rolls taste sweet. (肉桂卷尝起来很甜。)
  • Anthony had a dream. (Anthony 做了一个梦。)
  • The spectator remained silent after the injury on the field. (受伤后,观众席上的观众保持沉默。)
  • He became suspicious when he saw the safe was open. (当他看到保险箱是打开的时候,他变得可疑起来。)
  • Rohan and his friend were happy. (Rohan 和他的朋友都很高兴。)
  • The food smelled delicious. (食物闻起来很美味。)
  • She looks very pretty. (她看起来很漂亮。)
  • He gets angry with his sister. (他对他妹妹很生气。)
  • His plan sounds good. (他的计划听起来不错。)
  • Verma has a new car. (Verma 有一辆新车。)

更多句子中的主要动词示例

  • I designed a rainbow in the sky. (designed) (我在天空中设计了一个彩虹。)
  • Rohan's brother scattered all his toys. (scattered) (Rohan 的哥哥撒了所有他的玩具。)
  • The committee works hard to improve the schools. (works) (委员会努力改善学校。)
  • Here, into the main ring of the circus, comes the trained elephant. (comes) (训练有素的大象来到马戏团的主场地。)
  • Either the worker or the boss delivers the items. (delivers) (工人或老板负责交付物品。)
  • Virat Kohli scored a double century in the last match against Sri Lanka. (scored) (Virat Kohli 在对阵斯里兰卡的上一场比赛中打出了双百。)
  • The tiger was chasing a wild buffalo. (chasing) (老虎在追逐一头野牛。)
  • People have been standing in the queue since morning. (standing) (人们自早晨以来就一直在排队。)
  • Rani and Sita cook delicious food. (cook) (Rani 和 Sita 烹饪美味的食物。)
  • Rohan visited his grandfather in the village. (visited) (Rohan 去村里拜访了他的祖父。)
  • Dogs are man's best friends. (are) (狗是人类最好的朋友。)
  • The library is next to the principal's office. (is) (图书馆在校长办公室旁边。)
  • I am your leader. (am) (我是你的领导。)
  • The cake looks so delicious. (look) (蛋糕看起来很美味。)
  • The weather was quite clear yesterday. (was) (昨天天气晴朗。)
  • Good bookstalls are near the city. (are) (城市附近有好书摊。)
  • Ajay is a very good student. (is) (Ajay 是一个非常优秀的学生。)
  • The crops grow in the field. (grow) (庄稼在田里生长。)
  • I feel very hungry at lunchtime. (feel) (午餐时间我感觉很饿。)
  • I want to become a responsible citizen and a social worker. ( become, and) (我想成为一名负责任的公民和社会工作者。)

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