现在完成进行时练习

现在完成进行时，动作从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在。这个时态是现在进行时和现在完成时的结合。

注意：必须给出时间段才能进行动作。

Has/ Have 的规则

在这些句子中，我们使用助动词 has/ have。首先，让我们来理解 has 或 have 的规则：

• 对于单数主语（He, She, It），我们使用 Has。
  • He has been waiting for you for two hours. (他一直在等你两个小时了。)
  • The farmer has been watering the fields for two days. (农民一直在给田地浇水两个天了。)
  • Ram has been teaching me for a long time. (Ram 教了我很长时间了。)
• 对于复数主语（We, They, These, Those），我们使用 Have。
  • They have been talking about the new websites for two hours. (他们一直在讨论新网站两个小时了。)
  • The boys have been playing for three hours. (男孩们已经玩了三个小时了。)
  • We have not been getting the Diwali bonus. (我们一直没有拿到 Diwali 奖金。)
  • They have been going to the carnival with their family. (他们一直在和家人一起去嘉年华。)
• 'I' 是一个特殊的单数主语，我们与主语 I 一起使用 Have。
  • I have been giving up my studies before the annual examination. (在年度考试前，我一直在放弃我的学业。)

使用 'Since' 和 'For' 的规则

• 'For' 用于表示一个时间段。这意味着，而不是给出一个确定的时间，只给出一个时间范围。
  例如：两天，四年，一周，十五分钟，半个月或两个世纪等。
  • These kids have been playing for two hours. (这些孩子已经玩了两个小时了。)
  • You have not been reading your lesson for two days. (你已经两天没看课文了。)
• 'Since' 用于表示时间点。这意味着，当有一个确定的时间时，我们使用 since。
  例如：2 点，夜晚，早晨，星期一，傍晚，6月15日和1982年等，我们在这些时间点之前使用 since。
  • He has been sleeping since 10 O'clock. (他从 10 点钟就开始睡觉了。)
  • David's grandparents have been living in this town since (David 的祖父母一直住在这个镇上，从 [此处缺少信息])

现在完成进行时的结构

在构建这些句子时，在动词第一形式后面加上 'ing'，在单数主语前面加上 'has been'，在复数主语和 I (特殊单数主语) 前面加上 'have been'。

• 陈述句的规则
  在陈述句中，我们在单数主语后使用 Has/ Have，然后是 been，接着是动词的现在分词形式（第一形式动词加 ing）。
  Subject + Has/ Have + been + First Form of Verb + ing + object + since/ for + others. (主语 + Has/ Have + been + 动词原形 + ing + 宾语 + since/ for + 其他)
  例如
  • She has been staying with her friend for two years. (她和朋友一起住了两年了。)
  • I have been winning this award since 2018. (我从 2018 年起就一直赢得这个奖项。)
  • You have been cleaning the home for three hours. (你已经打扫了三个小时的家了。)
• 否定句规则
  在否定句中，我们将 'Not' 放在 'Has' 或 'Have' 之后，'been' 之前。
  Subject + Has/ Have + not + been + First Form of Verb + ing + object + since/ for + others. (主语 + Has/ Have + not + been + 动词原形 + ing + 宾语 + since/ for + 其他)
  示例
  • I have not been sweeping the home for two days. (我两天没打扫家了。)
  • He has not been teaching me for a long time. (他很长时间没教我了。)
  • We have not been staying in the village since 2006. (我们自 2006 年以来一直没有住在村子里。)
• 疑问句规则
  • 一般疑问句（Yes/ No 类型）
    一般疑问句以将 'Has' 或 'Have' 放在句首开始。这些助动词放在主语之前。
    Has/ Have + subject + been + First Form of Verb + ing + object + ?. (Has/ Have + 主语 + been + 动词原形 + ing + 宾语 + ?)
    示例
    • Has the carpenter been making the tables for two days? (木匠两天以来一直在做桌子吗？)
    • Have the villagers been suffering from fever for two weeks? (村民们两周以来一直在发烧吗？)
  • 特殊疑问句（Informative 类型）
    这些句子以疑问词或 WH 词（what, when, where, who, why, and how）开头，放在助动词（has/ have）之前。
    WH words + Has/ Have + subject + been + First Form of Verb + ing + object + ?. (WH 词 + Has/ Have + 主语 + been + 动词原形 + ing + 宾语 + ?)
    示例
    • Which boy has been sleeping in the class for half an hour? (哪个男孩在课堂上睡了半个小时？)
    • Since when has she been working in the factory? (她什么时候开始在这家工厂工作的？)
    • Why few students have been preparing for three days? (为什么有些学生准备了三天？)
  • 疑问否定句
    这些句子是两种类型句子的组合：疑问句和否定句。
    我们将 'not' 放在主语之后，'been' 之前。
    例如
    • Why she has not been attending the prayer for four days? (她为什么四天没参加祈祷了？)
    • Have the newspapers not been printing since morning? (报纸从早上就没印了吗？)

练习 - 1

用 For 或 Since 填空

• I have not seen my sister ________ 1995. (我自 1995 年以来就没见过我的姐姐。
• Sudhir has not eaten anything ______ eight hours. (Sudhir 已经八个小时没吃任何东西了。)
• Ms Rao has been a teacher _______ 2002. (Ms Rao 从 2002 年起就一直是一名老师。)
• Nick has read eleven books _______ last weekend. (Nick 从上周末开始已经读了十一本书。)
• I haven't seen my Uncle John ________ three months. (我三个月没见到我的约翰叔叔了。)
• His father has been working in this bank _______ five years. (他父亲在这家银行工作了五年了。)
• Mathew has loved dancing _______ she was a child. (Mathew 从她还是个孩子时就一直喜欢跳舞。)
• She has not been on a holiday _______ last year. (她从去年以来就没有休假了。)
• She has lived in England ______ twelve years. (她已经在英国住了十二年了。)
• I haven't seen my red jacket ______ yesterday. I think I have lost it. (我从昨天起就没见过我的红色夹克了。我想我弄丢了它。)
• I have been studying non-stop ________ 9:15 a.m. (我从上午 9:15 一直在不间断地学习。)
• We have been working here ________ nine o'clock. (我们从九点钟开始就在这里工作了。)
• She hasn't taken a day off _______ the past six months. (她过去六个月都没有休息过一天。)

练习 - 2

用括号中给出的动词的现在完成进行时形式填空

• Ram __________ (repeat) history for three hours. (Ram 已经重复历史内容三个小时了。)
• They ___________ (add) rupee since many years. (他们多年以来一直在增加卢比。)
• The soldier ____________ chase the thief since night. (士兵们从昨晚起就一直在追赶小偷。)
• First-semester examination ___________ (go) since 1^st (第一次期中考试从 1 日开始到现在。)
• It _____________ (rain) heavily since midnight. (午夜以来一直在下大雨。)
• People _________ (celebrate) this festival since the time of the great, Ashoka. (人们从伟大的阿育王时期以来一直在庆祝这个节日。)
• You _________ not _________ (solve) maths questions for an hour. (你一个小时没做数学题了。)
• We _______ not ______ (live) in this house for four years. (我们已经四年没住在这栋房子里了。)
• ________ the washerman _______ (press) on the clothes since morning? (洗衣工从早上起一直在熨衣服吗？)
• ________ that labourer ______ (sit) empty at home for two days. (那个工人两天以来一直在家里无所事事吗？)
• Why _______ Meera not _______ (go) to school for four days? (为什么 Meera 四天没去学校了？)
• Who ____________ (teach) Manav for six months? (谁在教 Manav 六个月了？)
• Why ___________ John and Jerry not __________ (water) the fields for two days? (为什么 John 和 Jerry 两天以来没给田地浇水？)