动词形式

在英语语法中，动词的原始形式是现在时形式和复数形式。动词有五种形式：V1、V2、V3、V4、V5。 所有这些形式的详细信息如下：

1. V1

• 这是动词的第一形式或动词的原始形式。
• 这是动词的复数形式。
• 这是动词的现在时形式。

V1 的用法

它用于简单现在时。此动词形式的句子结构为：主语 + V1 + 其他词

示例

• You play football.
• They sing a song.
• Ram and Shyam go to the market.
• We love to eat pasta.
• Boys go to school.

注意：在上述句子中，动词是第一形式且为复数形式。这里一个重要的事情是主谓一致，根据这个原则，如果主语是复数，动词必须是复数。所以这里，动词的第一形式与复数主语一起使用。

2. V2

• 这是动词的第二形式。
• 这是动词的过去式形式。
• 它既不是单数也不是复数。

V2 的用法

它用于简单过去时。此动词形式的句子结构为：主语 + V2 + 其他词

示例

• He bought a new book.
• I went to the movie yesterday.
• They came over here before 5 o'clock.
• John saw a horror dream.
• John and George took a bus for college.

注意：主谓一致原则不适用于动词的第二形式。因此，它既可以与单数主语一起使用，也可以与复数主语一起使用。

3. V3

• 这是动词的第三形式。
• 这是动词的完成形式。
• 它既不是单数也不是复数。

V3 的用法

1. 它用于现在完成时。句子结构为：
   主语 + has/have + V3 + 其他词
   示例
   • I have finished my homework.
   • He has gone to the market.
   • We have waited all day.
   • They have just left for college.
   • John has made the painting colorful.
2. 它也用于过去完成时。句子结构为：
   主语 + had + V3 + 其他词
   示例
   • She had painted her room red.
   • The sun had set when we reached home.
   • He had come home by 4 o'clock.
   • Mukul had cleared NET in his very first attempt.
   • The gatekeeper had locked all the rooms.
3. 它也用于将来完成时。句子结构为：
   主语 + shall/will + have + V3 + 其他词
   示例
   • You will have played.
   • I will have completed this work before you do.
   • They will have written the poems.
   • John will have helped the poor.
   • She will have cooked the food.

4. V4

• 这是动词的第四形式。
• 这是动词的 (ing) 形式。
• 它既不是单数也不是复数。
• 这是动词的进行形式。

V4 的用法

1. 它用于现在进行时。句子结构为：
   主语 + is/am/are + V4 + 其他词
   示例
   • My father is driving the car.
   • You are baking a chocolate cake.
   • I am playing the guitar.
   • Surbhi and Rasmi are dancing well.
   • The baby is crying because it is hungry.
2. 它用于过去进行时。句子结构为：
   主语 + was/were + V4 + 其他词
   示例
   • Ishita was making her chart yesterday.
   • We were listening to the breaking news.
   • They were studying in their room.
   • The animals were hiding in the cave.
   • My mother was writing a letter to the municipal corporation.
3. 它用于将来进行时。句子结构为：
   主语 + shall/will + be + V4 + 其他词
   示例
   • You will be doing this work tomorrow.
   • She will be visiting the museum in the afternoon.
   • We shall be leaving for the airport in an hour.
   • I shall be learning French from next month.
   • Rohan and Sohan will be playing football tomorrow.

5. V5

• 这是动词的第五形式。
• 这是动词的 s/es 形式。
• 这是动词的单数形式。
• 这是动词的现在时形式。

V5 的用法

1. 它用于简单现在时。句子结构为：
   主语 + V5 + 其他词
   示例
   • The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
   • He plays badminton every evening.
   • Kartik misses going for a swim in the lake.
   • It barks at strangers.
   • This plumber fixes the tap very well.

注意：在上述句子中，动词是第五形式且为单数形式。这里一个重要的事情是主谓一致，根据这个原则，如果主语是单数，动词必须是单数。所以这里，动词的第五形式与单数主语一起使用。

一些动词形式的列表

动词的其他形式

Be 动词形式

动词的 (is, am, are, was, were) 是 Be 动词形式。

• 这些用于构成进行时。
  示例
  He is working in the field.
  I am writing a story.
  They are going to market.
  We are making a display chart.
  You are baking a chocolate cake.
  They were studying in their room.
  Rani was going for a walk every day of last week.
  I was cycling when it started raining.
• 这些也用于构成否定句和疑问句。
  示例
  He is not working in the field.
  Is he working in the field?
  I am not writing a story.
  Am I writing a story?
  They are not going to the market.
  Are they going to market?
  We are not making a display chart.
  Are we making a display chart?
  You are not baking a chocolate cake.
  Are you baking a chocolate cake?
  They were not studying in their room.
  Were they studying in their room?
  Rani was not going for a walk every day last week.
  Was Rani going for a walk every day of last week?
  I was not cycling when it started raining.
  Was I cycling when it started raining?

Do 动词形式

动词 (do, does, did) 是 Do 动词形式。

• 这些用于构成简单现在时和简单过去时的否定句和疑问句。
  示例
  You do not bake a chocolate cake.
  Do you not bake a chocolate cake?
  He does not bake a chocolate cake.
  Does he not bake a chocolate cake?
  They did not bake a chocolate cake.
  Did they not bake a chocolate cake?
• 它们也与其他动词一起使用以强调某事或使陈述更强烈。
  示例
  He does resemble his mother.
  Do sit down, please.
  I told him not to go, but he did go.

Have 动词形式

动词 (have, has, and had) 是 Have 动词形式。

• 这些用于构成各种完成时态。
  示例
  He has worked.
  He has been working.
  You have scored well on the test.
  You have been scoring well on the test.
  She had completed her homework.
  She had been completing her homework.
  You will have done this work.
  You will have been doing this work.
• 这些也用于构成否定句和疑问句。
  示例
  He has not worked.
  Has he worked?
  He has not been working.
  Has he not been working?
  You have not scored well on the test.
  Have you scored well on the test?
  You have not been scoring well on the test.
  Have you not been scoring well on the test?
  She had not completed her homework.
  Had she not completed her homework?
  She had not been completing her homework.
  Had she not been completing her homework?
  You will not have done this work.
  Will you not have done this work?
  You will not have been doing this work.
  Will you not have been doing this work?

规则动词 & 不规则动词

规则动词：规则动词是指在过去式和过去分词形式中通过添加“ed”来遵循特定模式的动词。

示例

不规则动词：不规则动词是指不遵循相同模式的动词。它们以不同的方式形成过去式和过去分词形式。不规则动词有三种形成方式。它们如下：

i) 动词的三种形式都相同。

示例

ii) 动词的两种形式相同

示例

iii) 动词的所有形式都不同

示例

限定动词 & 非限定动词

1. 限定动词：表示时态、人称和数目的动词称为限定动词。换句话说，如果动词的形式根据主语的数量和人称而改变，那就是限定动词。
   示例
   • He goes to the market.
   • I go to the market.
   • They were looking at the family photos.
   • He was looking at the family photos.
   • The patient had died before the doctor arrived.
2. 非限定动词：不表示时态、人称和数目的动词称为非限定动词。换句话说，如果动词形式不根据主语的数量和人称而改变，那就是非限定动词。非限定动词有三种形式：
   
   1. 不定式：To + V1 (例如：To respect our parents is our duty)。
   2. 动名词：V1 + ing = V4 (例如：Walking is good for health)。
   3. 分词：现在分词 (V4) (例如：Coming downstairs, she saw the man running away)。
      过去分词 (V3) (例如：Tired after the day's work, the farmer sat down to rest a little)。
      完成分词 (having + V3) (例如：Having rested, we continued our journey)。

短语动词

当一个动词后面跟着另一个动词、副词和介词时，它就变成了一个“短语动词”。 例如：'look' 和 'after' 有各自的含义，但组合成短语动词时，其含义就变成了“照顾某人某事”。 它也称为习语。句子中短语动词的例子如下：

• People with a loose tongue may make enemies easily.
• We should not care for loaves and fishes of office.
• She gave only a lame excuse for her absence.
• He has made a name for himself.
keep in view

介词动词

后面跟介词的主要动词称为介词动词，例如：wait for。 句子中介词动词的例子如下：

• The man asked for more pay and shorter hours.
• After years of over-work, his health broke down.
• Those in power do not care about public opinion.
• This book deals with the problem of unemployment.
• In the end, I found out what was wrong with my radio set.

主动语态和被动语态

主动句中的动词形式与被动句中的动词形式不同。当主动句变为被动句时，主动句的动词形式会变为其第三形式（过去分词形式）。在动词III形式之前，根据句子的时态、数和人称使用“to be”形式(is, am, are, was, were, been, being)。要理解动词从主动到被动的变化，请看下面的句子。

i) 动词在简单现在时

如果主动句的动词是简单现在时，那么被动句的动词是am/is/are + V3。

示例

ii) 动词在简单过去时

如果主动句的动词是简单过去时，那么被动句的动词是was/were + V3。

示例

iii) 动词在简单将来时

如果主动句的动词是简单将来时，那么被动句的动词是shall/will + be + V3。

示例

iv) 动词在现在进行时

如果主动句的动词是现在进行时，那么被动句的动词是am/is/are + being + V3。

示例

v) 动词在过去进行时

如果主动句的动词是过去进行时，那么被动句的动词是was/were + being + V3。

示例

vi) 动词在现在完成时

如果主动句的动词是过去完成时，那么被动句的动词是has/have + been + V3。

示例

vii) 动词在过去完成时

如果主动句的动词是过去完成时，那么被动句的动词是had + been + V3。

示例

viii) 将来完成时

如果主动句的动词是将来完成时，那么被动句的动词是will have + been + V3。

示例

ix) 情态动词

如果主动句的动词是情态动词，那么被动句的动词是情态动词 + be + V3

示例