在 Python 中创建一个 MCQ 测验游戏

2025年3月17日 | 阅读16分钟

Python 编程语言提供了一个标准的图形用户界面 (GUI) 框架，称为 Tkinter，用于开发快速简便的 GUI 应用程序。在本教程中，我们将借助 GUI 开发一个简单的 Python 多项选择测验游戏。我们将使用 Tkinter GUI 框架来创建一个测验。

那么，让我们开始吧。

在 Python 中创建 MCQ 测验游戏的步骤

以下是在 Python 中创建多项选择测验游戏的步骤

步骤 1：我们将创建 JSON 文件来存储数据

步骤 2：我们将使用 Tkinter 框架创建 GUI

现在让我们理解上述步骤。

创建 JSON 文件

为了创建多项选择测验游戏，我们将需要一些数据。我们可以将这些数据定义在一个 JSON 文件中，称为 data.json，其中包含 JSON 数据（即名称/值对）并由一个值数组组成。这些数据将表示问题及其答案以及多个选项。

让我们考虑以下所示的测验样本数据

文件：data.json

{
    "ques" : [
        "Q1. Which language is directly executable by a computer's CPU?",
        "Q2. Which has been standardized in the IEEE 802.3 specification?",
        "Q3. ___ is a storage device with effectively independent access time of the data location?",
        "Q4. Which of the following Key is not found in normal computers/laptops?",
        "Q5. What is used in most programs as their part guiding the user through certain steps?"
    ],
    "ans" : [
        1,
        2,
        4,
        3,
        2
    ],
    "choices" : [
        [
        "Machine Language",
        "High Language",
        "Assembly Language",
        "Second generation Language"
        ],
        [
        "Bluetooth",
        "Ethernet",
        "WiMAX",
        "All of the above"
        ],
        [
        "Primary Storage Device",
        "Secondary Storage Device",
        "Gateway Device",
        "Direct Access Storage Device"
        ],
        [
        "Del key",
        "Alt key",
        "Turn key",
        "Shift key"
        ],
        [
        "Software",
        "Wizard",
        "Wiki",
        "None of the above"
        ]
    ]
}

说明

在上面的 JSON 文件中，我们以名称/值对的形式以及值数组的形式存储了数据。我们可以看到，我们包含了问题及其答案和不同的选项可供选择。

现在，让我们在下一步创建图形用户界面 (GUI)。

使用 Tkinter 创建 GUI

现在我们将使用 Python 中的 Tkinter 框架创建 GUI。我们将遵循以下步骤

步骤 1：导入模块：Tkinter 和 JSON

步骤 2：创建应用程序的主窗口（容器）

步骤 3：添加小部件以显示数据

步骤 4：为按钮添加功能

步骤 5：在测验中使用数据

注意：Python 和 JSON 文件都将在上面定义的同一目录中创建。

现在我们已经创建了用于存储数据的 JSON 文件，我们将创建一个 python 文件，其中包含测验程序。

导入模块

我们将首先导入项目所需的模块。在本例中，我们导入 Tkinter 框架和 JSON 模块。

让我们看下面的代码片段来说明这一点：

文件：myQuiz.py

# importing everything from tkinter
from tkinter import *
# importing messagebox as mb from tkinter
from tkinter import messagebox as mb
# importing json to utilize json file for data
import json

说明

在上面的代码片段中，我们导入了 tkinter 中的所有内容以及 json 模块。

创建应用程序的主窗口

现在我们已经导入了所需的模块，我们将使用 Tk 类创建应用程序的主窗口。

让我们看下面的代码片段来说明这一点：

文件：myQuiz.py

# Creating a GUI Window
guiWindow = Tk()
 
# setting the size of the GUI Window
guiWindow.geometry("800x450")

# setting the title of the Window
guiWindow.title("Javatpoint.com Quiz")

说明

在上面的代码片段中，我们实例化了 tkinter 模块的 Tk 类来创建一个 GUI 窗口。我们还使用 geometry() 和 title() 函数设置了此 GUI 窗口的大小和标题。

创建 GUI 的组件

现在我们将定义一个类，我们可以在其中创建 GUI 的组件并向它们添加功能。

我们将从定义 __init__() 方法开始，该方法将用于初始化类的新对象。在此方法中，我们将问题计数设置为零，并初始化显示内容和提供功能所需的所有方法。

现在让我们考虑以下代码片段来理解这一点

文件：myQuiz.py

# defining the class to define the GUI components
class myQuiz:
    """
    defining an initializing method which is called when
    we will initialize a new object of the class. This method
    will set the question count to 0. and initialize all the
    other methods in order to display the content and make all the
    functionalities available
    """
    def __init__(self):     
        # setting the question number to 0
        self.quesNumber = 0

        # assigning the question to the displayQuestion function to update later.
        self.displayTitle()
        self.displayQuestion()
         
        # the optSelected attribute holds an integer value
        # which is used for selected option in a question.
        self.optSelected = IntVar()
         
        # displaying radio button for the current question
        self.options = self.radioButtons()
         
        # displaying the options for the current question
        self.displayOptions()
         
        # displaying the button for next and exit.
        self.buttons()
         
        # number of questions
        self.dataSize = len(question)
         
        # keeping a counter of right answers
        self.rightAnswer = 0

说明

在以下代码片段中，我们定义了一个类 myQuiz。在此类中，我们定义了 __init__() 方法来初始化项目的功能和属性。我们首先将问题编号的值设置为零，并将问题分配给 displayQuestion() 函数，以便稍后更新它。然后我们初始化了 optSelected 属性，该属性保存一个整数值，用于问题中选定的选项。然后我们显示了当前问题的单选按钮和选项以及用于下一个和退出的按钮。然后我们定义了存储问题数量的属性。最后，我们初始化了用于记录正确答案计数的属性。

现在让我们定义另一个允许我们显示结果的方法。此方法将计算正确和错误答案的数量，然后以消息框的形式在最后显示它们。

这是演示此操作的代码片段

文件：myQuiz.py

    """
    This method is utilized to display the result
    It counts the number of right and wrong answers
    and then display them at the end as a message box
    """    
    def displayResult(self):
         
        # calculating the wrong count
        wrongCount = self.dataSize - self.rightAnswer
        rightAnswer = f"Correct: {self.rightAnswer}"
        wrongAnswer = f"Wrong: {wrongCount}"
         
        # calculating the percentage of right answers
        the_score = int(self.rightAnswer / self.dataSize * 100)
        the_result = f"Score: {the_score}%"
         
        # showing a message box to display the result
        mb.showinfo("Result", f"{the_result} \n{rightAnswer} \n{wrongAnswer}")

说明

在上面的代码片段中，我们将方法定义为 displayResult()。然后我们计算了错误计数的值。然后我们计算了正确答案的百分比，最后显示了一个消息框来显示结果。

我们将定义一个方法，帮助我们在点击“下一步”后检查答案。让我们考虑以下演示此操作的代码片段

文件：myQuiz.py

    """
    This method checks the Answer after we click on Next.
    """
    def checkAnswer(self, quesNumber):
         
        # checking for whether the selected option is right
        if self.optSelected.get() == answer[quesNumber]:
            # if the option is right it return true
            return True

说明

在以下代码片段中，我们定义了一个名为 checkAnswer() 的方法，该方法帮助我们检查选定的选项是否正确。为此，我们使用了 if 条件语句，如果选定选项的值与答案匹配，则返回 True。

现在，我们将定义下一个按钮的方法。

文件：myQuiz.py

    """
    This method is utilized to check the answer of the
    current question by calling the checkAnswer and quesNumber.
    if the question is right it increments the count by 1
    and then increase the question number by 1. If it is last
    question then it calls displayResult to show the message box.
    else shows next question.
    """
    def nextButton(self):
        # Checking whether the answer is correct
        if self.checkAnswer(self.quesNumber):
            # if the answer is correct it increments the correct by 1
            self.rightAnswer += 1
         
        # Moving to next Question by incrementing the quesNumber counter
        self.quesNumber += 1
         
        # checking whether the quesNumber size is equal to the data size
        if self.quesNumber == self.dataSize: 
            # if it is correct then it displays the score
            self.displayResult()
            
            # destroying the GUI window
            guiWindow.destroy()
        else:
            # showing the next question
            self.displayQuestion()
            self.displayOptions()

说明

在上面的代码片段中，我们定义了一个名为 nextButton() 的方法。在此方法中，我们使用 if 条件语句检查答案是否正确，并将总正确答案计数增加 1。然后我们使用 if-else 语句检查是否到达了问题的末尾，并相应地显示输出。

现在我们将定义存储项目中使用按钮属性的方法。具体来说，我们需要两个按钮 - 第一个是下一个按钮，另一个是退出按钮。

让我们看下面的代码片段来说明这一点：

文件：myQuiz.py

    """
    This method displays the two buttons on the screen.
    The first button is the next_button which moves to next question
    It has properties like what text it shows the functionality,
    size, color, and property of text displayed on button. Then it
    mentions where to place the button on the screen. The second
    button is the exit button which we will use to close the GUI without
    completing the quiz.
    """
    def buttons(self):
        
        # The first button is the Next button
        # to move to the next Question
        next_button = Button(
            guiWindow,
            text = "Next",
            command = self.nextButton,
            width = 10,
            bg = "blue",
            fg = "white",
            font = ("ariel", 16, "bold")
            )
         
        # placing the button on the screen
        next_button.place(x = 350, y = 380)
         
        # The second button is the quit button
        # which is used to Quit the GUI
        quit_button = Button(
            guiWindow,
            text = "Quit",
            command = guiWindow.destroy,
            width = 5,
            bg = "black",
            fg = "white",
            font = ("ariel", 16, " bold")
            )
         
        # placing the Quit button on the screen
        quit_button.place(x = 700, y = 50)

说明

在上面的代码片段中，我们定义了方法 buttons()。在此方法中，我们创建了 Tkinter 库的 Button() 类的两个对象。我们为按钮指定了不同的属性，并使用 place() 函数将它们放置在 GUI 中的位置。

现在我们将定义一个方法，该方法将允许我们取消选择屏幕上的单选按钮。此方法将显示当前问题可用的选项，我们通过问题编号获取这些选项。此外，此方法有助于更新单选按钮的当前问题的每个选项。

让我们考虑以下代码片段来理解这一点

文件：myQuiz.py

    """
    This method deselects the radio button on the screen.
    Then it is used to show the options available for
    the current question which we get through the
    question number and Updates each of the options for
    the current question of the radio button.   
    """
    def displayOptions(self):
        val = 0
         
        # deselecting the options
        self.optSelected.set(0)
        # looping over the options to be displayed
        # for the text of the radio buttons.
        for opt in opts[self.quesNumber]:
            self.options[val]['text'] = opt
            val += 1

说明

在上面的代码片段中，我们定义了方法 displayOptions()。在此方法中，我们将值设置为零。然后我们使用 set() 函数取消选择选项，将其参数指定为零。然后我们使用 for 循环遍历每个问题可用的选项，并将值增加 1。

现在我们将定义方法以在屏幕上显示当前问题。让我们考虑以下演示此操作的代码片段

文件：myQuiz.py

    """
    This method shows the current Question on the screen
    """
    def displayQuestion(self):
         
        # setting the Question properties
        quesNumber = Label(
            guiWindow,
            text = question[self.quesNumber],
            width = 60,
            font = ('ariel', 16, 'bold'),
            anchor = 'w'
            )
         
        # placing the option on the screen
        quesNumber.place(x = 70, y = 100)

说明

在上面的代码片段中，我们定义了方法 displayQuestion()。在此方法中，我们使用 Tkinter 库的 Label() 类创建一个实例，并为其指定不同的属性。然后我们使用 place() 函数设置标签在屏幕上的位置。

现在，让我们定义方法以在屏幕上显示标题。这是演示此操作的代码片段

文件：myQuiz.py

    """
    This method is used to Display Title
    """
    def displayTitle(self):         
        # The title to be shown
        myTitle = Label(
            guiWindow,
            text = "Javatpoint.com QUIZ",
            width = 50,
            bg = "red",
            fg = "white",
            font = ("ariel", 20, "bold")
            )
        
        # placing the title
        myTitle.place(x = 0, y = 2)

说明

在上面的代码片段中，我们定义了一个名为 displayTitle() 的方法。在此方法中，我们使用 Tkinter 的 Label() 类定义了标题标签，并使用 place() 函数将其放置。

最后，我们将创建单选按钮以在屏幕上的特定位置选择问题。此方法还会返回一个单选按钮列表，我们稍后将使用该列表向它们添加选项。

文件：myQuiz.py

    """
    This method shows the radio buttons to select the Question
    on the screen at the specified position. It also returns a
    list of radio button which are later used to add the options to
    them.    
    """
    def radioButtons(self):
         
        # initializing the list with an empty list of options
        qList = []
         
        # position of the first option
        y_pos = 150
         
        # adding the options to the list
        while len(qList) < 4:
             
            # setting the radio button properties
            radio_button = Radiobutton(
                guiWindow,
                text = " ",
                variable = self.optSelected,
                value = len(qList) + 1,
                font = ("ariel", 14)
                )
            
            # adding the button to the list
            qList.append(radio_button)
             
            # placing the button
            radio_button.place(x = 100, y = y_pos)
             
            # incrementing the y-axis position by 40
            y_pos += 40
         
        # returning the radio buttons
        return qList

说明

在上面的代码片段中，我们定义了方法 radioButton()。在此方法中，我们初始化了一个空列表并设置了第一个选项的位置。然后我们使用 while 循环向列表添加选项。我们创建了 Tkinter 的 RadioButton() 类的一个对象，使用了 append() 函数，设置了按钮的位置，并在此循环内将 y 轴的位置增加了 40。最后，我们返回了单选按钮。

在测验中使用数据

由于我们已将所需的小部件及其功能添加到程序中，因此让我们使用存储在 JSON 中的数据。这是以下代码片段，演示了此操作

文件：myQuiz.py

# getting the data from the json file
with open('data.json') as json_file:
    data = json.load(json_file)
 
# setting the question, options, and answer
question = (data['ques'])
opts = (data['choices'])
answer = (data[ 'ans'])

说明

在上面的代码片段中，我们使用了 open() 函数打开 JSON 文件并将其数据加载到主程序。然后我们创建了不同的变量，以问题、其选项和答案的形式存储 JSON 文件中的数据。

我们已成功构建了我们的项目。在执行程序之前，我们将实例化 myQuiz() 类并使用 Tkinter 的 mainloop() 函数。

让我们看下面的代码片段来说明这一点：

文件：myQuiz.py

# creating an object of the myQuiz Class.
quiz = myQuiz()

# using the mainloop() function
guiWindow.mainloop()

说明

我们已在上面的代码片段中实例化了 myQuiz() 类。最后，我们使用了 Tkinter 的 mainloop() 函数来显示 GUI 窗口。

完整的项目代码可以在下面找到。

完整项目代码

文件：myQuiz.py

# importing everything from tkinter
from tkinter import *
# importing messagebox as mb from tkinter
from tkinter import messagebox as mb
# importing json to utilize json file for data
import json

# Creating a GUI Window
guiWindow = Tk()
 
# setting the size of the GUI Window
guiWindow.geometry("1000x450")

# setting the title of the Window
guiWindow.title("Javatpoint.com - Quiz")

# defining the class to define the GUI components
class myQuiz:
    """
    defining an initializing method which is called when
    we will initialize a new object of the class. This method
    will set the question count to 0. and initialize all the
    other methods in order to display the content and make all the
    functionalities available
    """
    def __init__(self):     
        # setting the question number to 0
        self.quesNumber = 0

        # assigning the question to the displayQuestion function to update later.
        self.displayTitle()
        self.displayQuestion()
         
        # the opt_selected attributes holds an integer value
        # which is used for selected option in a question.
        self.optSelected = IntVar()
         
        # displaying radio button for the current question and
        # used to display options for the current question
        self.options = self.radioButtons()
         
        # displaying the options for the current question
        self.displayOptions()
         
        # displaying the button for next and exit.
        self.buttons()
         
        # number of questions
        self.dataSize = len(question)
         
        # keeping a counter of right answers
        self.rightAnswer = 0

    """
    This method is utilized to display the result
    It counts the number of right and wrong answers
    and then display them at the end as a message box
    """    
    def displayResult(self):
        # calculating the wrong count
        wrongCount = self.dataSize - self.rightAnswer
        rightAnswer = f"Correct: {self.rightAnswer}"
        wrongAnswer = f"Wrong: {wrongCount}"
         
        # calculating the percentage of right answers
        the_score = int(self.rightAnswer / self.dataSize * 100)
        the_result = f"Score: {the_score}%"
         
        # showing a message box to display the result
        mb.showinfo("Result", f"{the_result} \n{rightAnswer} \n{wrongAnswer}")

    """
    This method checks the Answer after we click on Next.
    """
    def checkAnswer(self, quesNumber):
        # checking for if the selected option is right
        if self.optSelected.get() == answer[quesNumber]:
            # if the option is right it return true
            return True

    """
    This method is utilized to check the answer of the
    current question by calling the checkAnswer and quesNumber.
    if the question is right it increments the count by 1
    and then increase the question number by 1. If it is last
    question then it calls displayResult to show the message box.
    else shows next question.
    """
    def nextButton(self):
        # Checking whether the answer is correct
        if self.checkAnswer(self.quesNumber):
            # if the answer is correct it increments the correct by 1
            self.rightAnswer += 1
         
        # Moving to next Question by incrementing the quesNumber counter
        self.quesNumber += 1
         
        # checking whether the quesNumber size is equal to the data size
        if self.quesNumber == self.dataSize: 
            # if it is correct then it displays the score
            self.displayResult()
            
            # destroying the GUI
            guiWindow.destroy()
        else:
            # showing the next question
            self.displayQuestion()
            self.displayOptions()

    """
    This method displays the two buttons on the screen.
    The first button is the next_button which moves to next question
    It has properties like what text it shows the functionality,
    size, color, and property of text displayed on button. Then it
    mentions where to place the button on the screen. The second
    button is the exit button which we will use to close the GUI without
    completing the quiz.
    """
    def buttons(self):
        
        # The first button is the Next button
        # to move to the next Question
        next_button = Button(
            guiWindow,
            text = "Next",
            command = self.nextButton,
            width = 10,
            bg = "blue",
            fg = "white",
            font = ("ariel", 16, "bold")
            )
         
        # placing the button on the screen
        next_button.place(x = 350, y = 380)
         
        # The second button is the quit button
        # which is used to Quit the GUI
        quit_button = Button(
            guiWindow,
            text = "Quit",
            command = guiWindow.destroy,
            width = 5,
            bg = "black",
            fg = "white",
            font = ("ariel", 16, " bold")
            )
         
        # placing the Quit button on the screen
        quit_button.place(x = 700, y = 50)

    """
    This method deselects the radio button on the screen.
    Then it is used to show the options available for
    the current question which we get through the
    question number and Updates each of the options for
    the current question of the radio button.   
    """
    def displayOptions(self):
        val = 0
        # deselecting the options
        self.optSelected.set(0)
        # looping over the options to be displayed
        # for the text of the radio buttons.
        for opt in opts[self.quesNumber]:
            self.options[val]['text'] = opt
            val += 1

    """
    This method shows the current Question on the screen
    """
    def displayQuestion(self):
         
        # setting the Question properties
        quesNumber = Label(
            guiWindow,
            text = question[self.quesNumber],
            width = 60,
            font = ('ariel', 16, 'bold'),
            anchor = 'w'
            )
         
        # placing the option on the screen
        quesNumber.place(x = 70, y = 100)
    
    """
    This method is used to Display Title
    """
    def displayTitle(self):         
        # The title to be shown
        myTitle = Label(
            guiWindow,
            text = "Javatpoint.com QUIZ",
            width = 50,
            bg = "red",
            fg = "white",
            font = ("ariel", 20, "bold")
            )
        
        # placing the title
        myTitle.place(x = 0, y = 2)
 
    """
    This method shows the radio buttons to select the Question
    on the screen at the specified position. It also returns a
    list of radio button which are later used to add the options to
    them.    
    """
    def radioButtons(self):
         
        # initializing the list with an empty list of options
        qList = []
         
        # position of the first option
        y_pos = 150
         
        # adding the options to the list
        while len(qList) < 4:
             
            # setting the radio button properties
            radio_button = Radiobutton(
                guiWindow,
                text = " ",
                variable = self.optSelected,
                value = len(qList) + 1,
                font = ("ariel", 14)
                )
            
            # adding the button to the list
            qList.append(radio_button)
             
            # placing the button
            radio_button.place(x = 100, y = y_pos)
             
            # incrementing the y-axis position by 40
            y_pos += 40
         
        # returning the radio buttons
        return qList

# getting the data from the json file
with open('data.json') as json_file:
    data = json.load(json_file)
 
# setting the question, options, and answer
question = (data['ques'])
opts = (data['choices'])
answer = (data[ 'ans'])
 
# creating an object of the myQuiz Class.
quiz = myQuiz()

# using the mainloop() function
guiWindow.mainloop()

输出

下一主题Python 统计

在 Python 中创建一个 MCQ 测验游戏

在 Python 中创建 MCQ 测验游戏的步骤

创建 JSON 文件

使用 Tkinter 创建 GUI

注意：Python 和 JSON 文件都将在上面定义的同一目录中创建。

导入模块

创建应用程序的主窗口

创建 GUI 的组件

在测验中使用数据

完整项目代码

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