Python中的randint()函数

2024 年 8 月 29 日 | 5 分钟阅读

在本教程中，我们将学习Python中的“randint()”函数。

“randint()”是Python中random模块的一个内置函数。random模块用于通过使用randint()函数来生成随机数等各种功能。

首先，我们必须在Python中导入random模块才能使用randint()函数。此函数主要用于创建伪随机性。

语法

参数

(start_range, end_range)：这两个参数都必须是整数类型的值。

参数

它将在[start_range, end_range]范围内返回随机整数，包括起始和结束数字。

错误和异常

ValueError：当用户传入浮点数作为参数时，返回ValueError。

TypeError：当用户传入非整数值作为参数时，返回TypeError。

示例 1

要获取两个正数、两个负数或一个正数和一个负数给定范围内的随机数。

import random as rnd
# First, we will generate the random number between any positive number range
random_1 = rnd.randint(55, 75)
print ("The any random number between 55 and 75 is % s" % (random_1))
  
# Then, we will generate the random number between two given negative number range
random_2 = rnd.randint(-40, -20)
print ("The any random number between -40 and -20 is % s" % (random_2))
  
# We will now, generate the random number between a positive number and a negative number range
random_3 = rnd.randint(-20, 20)
print ("The any random number between -20 and 20 is % s" % (random_3))

输出

The any random number between 55 and 75 is 74
The any random number between -40 and -20 is -40
The any random number between -20 and 20 is -12

The any random number between 55 and 75 is 74
The any random number between -40 and -20 is -29
The any random number between -20 and 20 is -2

示例 2

在此示例中，我们将看到用户在使用randint()函数时如何在Python程序中获得ValueError。

# First, we will import the random module
import random as rnd
  
# If the user passes any floating point values as the parameters in the randint() # function.
  
random_1 = rnd.randint(2.543, 12.786)
print (random_1)

输出

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
 in 
      4 # If the user passes any floating point values as the parameters in the randint() function.
      5 
----> 6 random_1 = rnd.randint(2.543, 12.786)
      7 print(random_1)

c:\users\User Name\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\random.py in randint(self, a, b)
    336         """
    337 
--> 338         return self.randrange(a, b+1)
    339 
    340 

c:\users\user name\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\random.py in randrange(self, start, stop, step)
    300         istart = int(start)
    301         if istart != start:
--> 302             raise ValueError("non-integer arg 1 for randrange()")
    303         if stop is None:
    304             if istart > 0:

ValueError: non-integer arg 1 for randrange()

示例 3

在此示例中，我们将看到用户在使用randint()函数时如何在Python中获得TypeError。

# First, we will import the random module
import random as rnd
  
# If the user passes any string or character value as the parameters in the 
# randint() function
  
random_2 = rnd.randint('String', 'Character')
print (random_2)

输出

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
 in 
      4 # If the user passes any string or character value as the parameters in the randint() function
      5 
----> 6 random_2 = rnd.randint('String', 'Character')
      7 print (random_2)

c:\users\user name\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\random.py in randint(self, a, b)
    336         """
    337 
--> 338         return self.randrange(a, b+1)
    339 
    340 

TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

应用

用户可以使用randint()函数来模拟抽奖游戏。

假设我们参加了一个抽奖游戏，例如“赌场游戏”。玩家将有三次机会猜1到36之间的数字。如果我们猜对了数字，我们将获胜，否则我们将输掉比赛。

示例：应用程序代码

# First, we will import the randint function
# from the random module in Python
from random import randint as rdt
  
# We will create a function which can generate a new 
# random number everytime the code will execute
def generator_1():
    return rdt(1, 36)
      
# Now, we will create a function which takes the input from the user and returns
# true or false depending whether the
# user has guessed the correct number and wins the lucky draw or not. 
def random_guess():
  
    # The calls generator_1() which returns a
    # random integer between 1 and 36
    random_number_1 = generator_1()
      
    # here, we will define the number of
    # guesses the user will get
    guess_left_1 = 3
  
    # now, we will set the flag variable for checking
    # the win-condition for the user
    flag_1 = 0
  
    # Then, we will loop the number of times
    # the user will get the chances
    while guess_left_1 > 0:
  
        # Here, we will take a input from the user.
        guess_1 = int (input ("Please select your number to "
                      "enter the lucky draw game \n"))
  
        # then, we will check whether the guess of the user 
        # matched the generated win-condition or not.
        if guess_1 == random_number_1:
  
            # Then, we will set the flag as 1 if the user have guessed
            # the correct number and then loop will broke
            flag_1 = 1
            break
          
        else:
              
            # If the guess of the user does not matched
            # the win-condition then it will print
            print ("You have guessed Wrong Number!!")
  
        # then, we will decrease the number of 
        # guesses left by 1 
        guess_left_1 -= 1
  
    # If the condition of winning is satisfied then,
    # the function random_guess will return "True"
    if flag_1 == 1:
        return True
  
    # Otherwise, the function will return "False"
    else:
        return False
  
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    if random_guess() == True:
        print ("Congratulation!! You have Won the game.")
    else :
        print ("Sorry, You have Lost the game!")

输出

Please select your number to enter the lucky draw game 
 3
You have guessed Wrong Number!!
Please select your number to enter the lucky draw game 
 2
You have guessed Wrong Number!!
Please select your number to enter the lucky draw game 
 34
You have guessed Wrong Number!!
Sorry, you have Lost the game!

Please select your number to enter the lucky draw game 
 14
You have guessed Wrong Number!!
Please select your number to enter the lucky draw game 
 12
You have guessed Wrong Number!!
Please select your number to enter the lucky draw game 
 3
Congratulation!! You have Won the game.

结论

在本教程中，我们讨论了Python random模块的randint()函数。我们展示了用户在使用randint()函数时可能遇到的错误类型。我们还讨论了如何使用randint()函数来创建抽奖游戏的应用程序。

下一主题使用Matplotlib和GDAL在Python中可视化Tiff文件

Python中的randint()函数

语法

参数

参数

错误和异常

示例 1

示例 2

示例 3

应用

结论

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Python 问题

Python中的randint()函数

语法

参数

参数

错误和异常

示例 1

示例 2

示例 3

应用

结论

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