如何在 Java 中计算两个日期之间的差值？

10 Sept 2024 | 5 分钟阅读

挑战在于使用 Java 语言确定两个日期之间的差值。

给定两个日期，开始日期和结束日期，时间以字符串形式表示。

示例 1

输入以下日期

开始日期 = 10/01/2018 01:10:20,

结束日期 = 10/06/2020 06:30:50。

输出：2,152 天，5,20,30 秒，或 5,20 小时。

示例 2

输入以下日期

开始日期和结束日期：2019 年 10 月 1 日和 2020 年 6 月 6 日

结果：152 天，5 小时，0 分钟，0 秒。

使用 Java SimpleDateFormat 类

要比较两个日期，请使用 SimpleDateFormat 和 Date 类。步骤如下：

通过创建 SimpleDateFormat 类的实例，将字符串格式转换为日期对象。
要创建日期，请使用 simpleDateFormat 类的 parse() 方法从字符串中提取开始日期和结束日期。
使用 Java 方法 getTime()，如 d2.getTime() - d1.getTime，以毫秒为单位确定两个日期之间的时间差（）。
使用日期-时间数学公式确定两个日期之间的差异。返回两个指定日期之间经过的年、日、时、分和秒。
打印最终结果。

上述策略的实现如下：

文件名：TimeDiff1.java

// Java code for the method described above
 
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
 
class TimeDiff1 {
 
    // method for printing the difference between the
    // startdate as well as the enddate
    static void
    findDiff(String startdate,
                   String enddate)
    {
 
        // SimpleDateFormat is used for converting the
        // string format into the date instance
        SimpleDateFormat sdf1
            = new SimpleDateFormat(
                "dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss");
 
        // Try Block
        try {
 
            // parse method is used for parsing
            // the text from a string to
            // produce the date
            Date d0 = sdf1.parse(startdate);
            Date d1 = sdf1.parse(enddate);
 
            // Calculating the time difference
            // in milliseconds
            long Time_difference
                = d0.getTime() - d1.getTime();
 
            // Calculating the time difference in
            // terms of seconds, minutes, hours, years,
            // and days
            long Seconds_difference
                = (Time_difference
                   / 1000)
                  % 60;
 
            long Minutes_difference
                = (Time_difference
                   / (1000 * 60))
                  % 60;
 
            long Hours_difference
                = (Time_difference
                   / (1000 * 60 * 60))
                  % 24;
 
            long Years_difference
                = (Time_difference
                   / (1000l * 60 * 60 * 24 * 365));
 
            long Days_difference
                = (Time_difference
                   / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24))
                  % 365;
 
            // Printing the difference between the dates in terms of
            // years, in days, in hours, in
            // seconds, as well as in minutes
 
            System.out.print(
                "Difference "
                + "between the two dates is: ");
 
            System.out.println(
                Years_difference
                + " years, "
                + Days_difference
                + " days, "
                + Hours_difference
                + " hours, "
                + Minutes_difference
                + " minutes, "
                + Seconds_difference
                + " seconds");
        }
 
        // Catching the Exception
        catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    // Main Code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        // user Start Date
        String startdate
            = "11-01-2018 02:11:20";
 
        // user end Date
        String enddate
            = "11-06-2020 07:31:50";
 
        // Method Call
        findDiff(startdate, enddate);
    }
}

输出

The difference between the two dates is: -2 years, -152 days, -5 hours, -20 minutes, -30 seconds

使用 Java TimeUnit 类

通过使用 Java 内置的 TimeUnit 类，我们可以更精确地确定两个日期之间的差值。上述方法的实现如下：

文件名：TimeDiff2.java

// Java program for calculating the
// difference between the two dates
 
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.Date;
 
class TimeDiff2 {
 
    // Method for printing the difference between
    // startdate as well as enddate
    static void findDiff(String startdate,
                               String enddate)
    {
        // SimpleDateFormat for converting the
        // string format into the date instance
        SimpleDateFormat sdf1
            = new SimpleDateFormat(
                "dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss");
 
        // using the Try block
        try {
 
            // parse method is used for parsing
            // the text from a string for
            // producing the date
            Date d0 = sdf1.parse(startdate);
            Date d1 = sdf1.parse(enddate);
 
            // Calculating the time difference
            // in milliseconds
            long Time_difference
                = d1.getTime() - d0.getTime();
 
            // Calculating the time difference in terms of minutes, 
            // hours, seconds, years, and days
            long Seconds_difference
                = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS
                      .toSeconds(Time_difference)
                  % 60;
 
            long Minutes_difference
                = TimeUnit
                      .MILLISECONDS
                      .toMinutes(Time_difference)
                  % 60;
 
            long Hours_difference
                = TimeUnit
                      .MILLISECONDS
                      .toHours(Time_difference)
                  % 24;
 
            long Days_difference
                = TimeUnit
                      .MILLISECONDS
                      .toDays(Time_difference)
                  % 365;
 
            long Years_difference
                = TimeUnit
                      .MILLISECONDS
                      .toDays(Time_difference)
                  / 365l;
 
            // Printing the date difference in
            // terms of years, in terms of days, in terms of hours, in terms of
            // minutes, and in terms of seconds
            System.out.print(
                "Difference"
                + " between the two dates is: ");
 
            // Printing the result
            System.out.println(
                Years_difference
                + " years, "
                + Days_difference
                + " days, "
                + Hours_difference
                + " hours, "
                + Minutes_difference
                + " minutes, "
                + Seconds_difference
                + " seconds");
        }
        catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    // Main Code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        // User start_date
        String startdate
            = "11-01-2018 02:10:20";
 
        // User end_date
        String enddate
            = "10-06-2020 06:30:50";
 
        // Main Call
        findDiff(startdate,
                       enddate);
    }
}

输出

The difference between the two dates is: 2 years, 151 days, 4 hours, 20 minutes, 30 seconds

使用 Java Period 类

Java 的 Period 类可用于计算两个日期之间的差值。可以使用 Period.between() 方法确定两个日期之间的月份、天数和年数差。上述策略的实现如下：

文件名：TimeDiff3.java

// Java code for the method described above
 
import java.time.*;
import java.util.*;
 
class TimeDiff3 {
 
    // method for printing the difference between
    // startdate and enddate
    static void
    findDifference(LocalDate startdate,
                   LocalDate enddate)
    {
 
        // finding the period between
        // the start date and end date
        Period difference
            = Period
                  .between(startdate,
                           enddate);
 
        // Printing the date difference
        // in terms of years, months, and days
        System.out.print(
            "Difference "
            + "between the two dates is: ");
 
        // Printing the result
        System.out.printf(
            "%d years, %d months"
                + " and %d days ",
            difference.getYears(),
            difference.getMonths(),
            difference.getDays());
    }
 
    // Main Code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        // Starting date
        LocalDate startdate
            = LocalDate.of(2017, 01, 10);
 
        // Ending date
        LocalDate enddate
            = LocalDate.of(2020, 06, 10);
 
        // Method Call
        findDifference(startdate,
                       enddate);
    }
}

输出

The difference between the two dates is: 3 years, 5 months, and 0 days

下一主题Java 中的不匹配位数数量

如何在 Java 中计算两个日期之间的差值？

使用 Java SimpleDateFormat 类

使用 Java TimeUnit 类

使用 Java Period 类

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如何在 Java 中计算两个日期之间的差值？

使用 Java SimpleDateFormat 类

使用 Java TimeUnit 类

使用 Java Period 类

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