Java 中列出目录中的所有文件

13 May 2025 | 5 分钟阅读

在本节中，我们将学习如何列出目录中存在的所有文件。请注意，一个目录可能包含子目录，而该子目录可能包含一些文件。我们也必须列出这些文件，因为这些文件也属于主目录。但是，为了简单起见，我们将首先讨论不存在子目录的情况。

这意味着一个文件夹只包含文件。下面提到了打印目录中文件的步骤。

步骤 1：为目录创建一个 File 对象。

步骤 2：获取该目录的文件数组。

步骤 3：递归地，逐个打印文件名（带扩展名）。

实施

以下代码打印名为 Documents 的文件夹中提到的文件名。以下快照显示了名为 Documents 的文件夹中存在的文件。

文件名： DisplayFileExample.java

// import statement
import java.io.File;
public class DisplayFileExample
{
public void printFileNames(File[] a, int i, int lvl)
{
// base case of the recursion
// i == a.length means the directory has 
// no more files. Hence, the recursion has to stop
if(i == a.length)
{
return;
}
// checking if the encountered object is a file or not
if(a[i].isFile())
{
System.out.println(a[i].getName());
}
// recursively printing files from the directory
// i + 1 means look for the next file
printFileNames(a, i + 1, lvl);
}
// Main Method
public static void main(String[] argvs)
{
// Providing the full path for the directory
String path = "E:\\Documents";
// creating a file object
File fObj = new File(path);
// creating on object of the class DisplayFileExample
DisplayFileExample obj = new DisplayFileExample();
if(fObj.exists() && fObj.isDirectory())
{
// array for the files of the directory pointed by fObj
File a[] = fObj.listFiles();
// display statements
System.out.println("= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =");
System.out.println("Displaying Files from the directory : " + fObj);
System.out.println("= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =");
// Calling the method
obj.printFileNames(a, 0, 0);
}
}
}

输出

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Displaying Files from the directory: E:\Documents
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
30004399657726 report 2.pdf
30004399657726 report.pdf
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slip201611605845_2.pdf
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这意味着一个文件夹既包含文件又包含子文件夹。下面提到了打印目录及其子目录中文件的步骤。

步骤 1：为目录创建一个 File 对象。

步骤 2：获取该目录的文件和子目录的数组。

步骤 3：如果 array[j] 是一个文件，则显示文件名并递归地转到 array[j] 的下一个元素。

步骤 4：如果 array[j] 是一个目录，则显示目录名，然后从步骤 2 开始重复。

实施

我们已经看到了名为 Documents 的文件夹的内容。现在，我们在 Documents 中创建一些文件夹并在其中存储多个文件。请观察以下快照。

上面的快照显示 Documents 目录有 3 个子目录，分别名为（New folder - 1、New folder - 2、New folder - 3）。

以下快照显示了名为 New folder - 1 的文件夹的内容

以下快照显示了名为 New folder - 2 的文件夹的内容

以下快照显示了名为 New folder - 3 的文件夹的内容

创建文件夹后，我们可以根据上述步骤编写代码。

文件名： DisplayFileExample1.java

// import statement
import java.io.File;
public class DisplayFileExample1
{
public void printFileNames(File[] a, int i, int lvl)
{
// base case of the recursion
// i == a.length means the directory has 
// no more files. Hence, the recursion has to stop
if(i == a.length)
{
return;
}
// tabs for providing the indentation
// for the files of sub-directory
for (int j = 0; j < lvl; j++)
{
System.out.print("\t");
}
// checking if the encountered object is a file or not
if(a[i].isFile())
{
System.out.println(a[i].getName());
}
// for sub-directories
else if(a[i].isDirectory())
{
System.out.println("[" + a[i].getName() + "]");
// recursion for sub-directories
printFileNames(a[i].listFiles(), 0, lvl + 1);
}
// recursively printing files from the directory
// i + 1 means look for the next file
printFileNames(a, i + 1, lvl);
}
// Main Method
public static void main(String[] argvs)
{
// Providing the full path for the directory
String path = "E:\\Documents";
// creating a file object
File fObj = new File(path);
// creating on object of the class DisplayFileExample1
DisplayFileExample1 obj = new DisplayFileExample1();
if(fObj.exists() && fObj.isDirectory())
{
// array for the files of the directory pointed by fObj
File a[] = fObj.listFiles();
// display statements
System.out.println("= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =");
System.out.println("Displaying Files from the directory: " + fObj);
System.out.println("= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =");
// Calling the method
obj.printFileNames(a, 0, 0);
}
}
}

输出

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Displaying Files from the directory: E:\Documents
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
30004399657726 report 2.pdf
30004399657726 report.pdf
5010XXXXXX8778-13 Mar 2017 TO 12 Apr 2017.pdf
a b c.txt
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coding Standards.pdf
CS121Lec01.pdf
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DBMS ME CS (gate2016.info).pdf
lec1.pdf
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