Java 中的贪吃蛇游戏

2025年3月17日 | 阅读 8 分钟

Java 凭借其强大的面向对象编程能力，一直是游戏开发的流行选择。经典的贪吃蛇游戏是 Java 爱好者绝佳的实践项目。在本节中，我们将深入探讨如何使用 Java 构建一个Java 中的贪吃蛇游戏，从基本机制到高级功能和优化。

贪吃蛇游戏简介

贪吃蛇游戏是一款简单而令人上瘾的经典游戏，起源于街机时代。玩家控制一条蛇在屏幕上移动，吞食食物以增长身体。主要的挑战在于避免与蛇身自身和游戏窗口边界的碰撞。随着蛇的增长，游戏难度也随之增加，使得操作越来越棘手。

设置项目

在深入代码之前，让我们先设置项目。我们可以使用任何 Java 集成开发环境（IDE），例如 Eclipse 或 IntelliJ IDEA。确保你的系统上安装了 Java 开发工具包（JDK）。

创建新项目：打开你的 IDE，创建一个名为“SnakeGame”的新 Java 项目。

创建类：创建两个类，SnakeGame 和 Snake，分别代表游戏本身和蛇实体。

实现 Snake 类

Snake 类负责管理蛇的状态、移动和增长。以下是一个基本的大纲，供你入门：

public class Snake {
    private LinkedList<Point> body; // Snake body represented as a linked list of points
    private Direction direction; // Current direction of the snake
    // Constructor to initialize the snake
    public Snake() {
        // Initialize the snake with a default size and position
        body = new LinkedList<>();
        body.add(new Point(5, 5)); // Initial head position
        direction = Direction.RIGHT; // Initial direction
    }
    // Enum representing possible directions
    public enum Direction {
        UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT
    }
    // Methods for handling movement, growth, and collision
    public void move() {
        // Logic to move the snake in the current direction
    }
    public void grow() {
        // Logic to make the snake grow by adding a new segment
    }
    public boolean checkCollision() {
        // Logic to check if the snake has collided with itself or the boundaries
        return false;
    }
}

这是 Snake 类的基本骨架。现在，让我们深入了解移动、增长和碰撞检测的实现细节。

处理蛇的移动

move() 方法是控制蛇移动的核心。它涉及根据当前方向更新蛇身体段的位置。此外，我们需要处理蛇吞食食物并增长的情况。

public void move() {
    // Get the head of the snake
    Point head = body.getFirst();
    // Update the head based on the current direction
    switch (direction) {
        case UP:
            head = new Point(head.x, head.y - 1);
            break;
        case DOWN:
            head = new Point(head.x, head.y + 1);
            break;
        case LEFT:
            head = new Point(head.x - 1, head.y);
            break;
        case RIGHT:
            head = new Point(head.x + 1, head.y);
            break;
    }
    // Add the updated head to the front of the body
    body.addFirst(head);
    // Check for collision with food and handle growth
    if (head.equals(foodPosition)) {
        grow();
        generateFood();
    } else {
        // If no collision with food, remove the last segment of the tail
        body.removeLast();
    }
}

处理蛇的增长

grow() 方法负责通过在其身体中添加一个新段来使蛇增长。这通常发生在蛇吞食食物时。

public void grow() {
    // Logic to add a new segment to the snake's body
}

确切的实现将取决于你如何表示蛇的身体。使用示例中所示的链表，可以轻松地在开头添加新段。

碰撞检测

checkCollision() 方法对于确定蛇是否与自身或游戏边界发生碰撞至关重要。

public boolean checkCollision() {
    // Logic to check for collision with itself or boundaries
    return false;
}

此方法应检查蛇头和身体段的位置以检测碰撞。此外，它还应检查蛇是否移出了游戏窗口。

实现 SnakeGame 类

既然我们已经对 Snake 类有了基本实现，让我们继续 SnakeGame 类，它将处理游戏循环、用户输入和渲染。

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import javax.swing.*;
public class SnakeGame extends JFrame {
    private Snake snake;
    private Point foodPosition;
    public SnakeGame() {
        // Initialize the game window
        setTitle("Snake Game");
        setSize(400, 400);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        // Initialize the snake and generate initial food position
        snake = new Snake();
        generateFood();
        // Set up key listener for user input
        addKeyListener(new KeyListener() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                // Handle arrow key input to change the snake's direction
            }
            @Override
            public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
            }
            @Override
            public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
            }
        });
        // Set the game window to be focusable and visible
        setFocusable(true);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    private void generateFood() {
        // Logic to generate a random position for the food
    }
    // Game loop
    public void runGame() {
        while (true) {
            // Update the snake's state
            snake.move();
            // Check for collisions
            if (snake.checkCollision()) {
                // Game over logic
                break;
            }
            // Repaint the game window
            repaint();
            // Introduce a delay to control the speed of the game
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    // Rendering method to draw the snake and food on the game window
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        super.paint(g);
        // Draw the snake
        for (Point segment : snake.getBody()) {
            g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
            g.fillRect(segment.x * 20, segment.y * 20, 20, 20);
        }
        // Draw the food
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        g.fillRect(foodPosition.x * 20, foodPosition.y * 20, 20, 20);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create an instance of the SnakeGame class and start the game loop
        SnakeGame snakeGame = new SnakeGame();
        snakeGame.runGame();
    }
}

此代码设置了游戏窗口，初始化了蛇，并处理了游戏循环。runGame() 方法负责不断更新游戏状态、检查碰撞、重新绘制窗口，并引入延迟来控制游戏速度。

用户输入和方向更改

为了使游戏具有交互性，我们需要处理用于更改蛇方向的用户输入。修改 KeyListener 中的 keyPressed 方法以捕获箭头键按下事件。

@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
    switch (e.getKeyCode()) {
        case KeyEvent.VK_UP:
            snake.setDirection(Snake.Direction.UP);
            break;
        case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:
            snake.setDirection(Snake.Direction.DOWN);
            break;
        case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:
            snake.setDirection(Snake.Direction.LEFT);
            break;
        case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:
            snake.setDirection(Snake.Direction.RIGHT);
            break;
    }
}

确保 Snake 类有一个 setDirection 方法来根据用户输入更新蛇的方向。

public void setDirection(Direction newDirection) {
    // Logic to set the snake's direction, considering constraints to avoid 180-degree turns
}

生成食物

generateFood() 方法负责在游戏网格上的随机位置放置食物。确保它不会与蛇的身体重叠。

private void generateFood() {
    // Logic to generate a random position for the food
}

游戏结束逻辑

当检测到碰撞时，就是时候结束游戏了。你可能希望显示游戏结束消息，并提供重新开始游戏的选项。

if (snake.checkCollision()) {
    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Game Over!", "Game Over", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
    System.exit(0);
}

代码实现

SnakeGame.java

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import javax.swing.*;
public class SnakeGame extends JFrame {
    private Snake snake;
    private Point foodPosition;
    public SnakeGame() {
        // Initialize the game window
        setTitle("Snake Game");
        setSize(400, 400);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        // Initialize the snake and generate initial food position
        snake = new Snake();
        generateFood();
        // Set up key listener for user input
        addKeyListener(new KeyListener() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                // Handle arrow key input to change the snake's direction
                switch (e.getKeyCode()) {
                    case KeyEvent.VK_UP:
                        snake.setDirection(Snake.Direction.UP);
                        break;
                    case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:
                        snake.setDirection(Snake.Direction.DOWN);
                        break;
                    case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:
                        snake.setDirection(Snake.Direction.LEFT);
                        break;
                    case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:
                        snake.setDirection(Snake.Direction.RIGHT);
                        break;
                }
            }
            @Override
            public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
            }
            @Override
            public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
            }
        });
        // Set the game window to be focusable and visible
        setFocusable(true);
        setVisible(true);

        // Start the game loop
        runGame();
    }
    private void generateFood() {
        // Logic to generate a random position for the food
        int x = (int) (Math.random() * 10); // Random x-coordinate (assuming a 10x10 grid)
        int y = (int) (Math.random() * 10); // Random y-coordinate
        foodPosition = new Point(x, y);
    }
    // Game loop
    private void runGame() {
        while (true) {
            // Update the snake's state
            snake.move();

            // Check for collisions
            if (snake.checkCollision()) {
                // Game over logic
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Game Over!", "Game Over", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
                System.exit(0);
            }
            // Repaint the game window
            repaint();
            // Introduce a delay to control the speed of the game
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    // Rendering method to draw the snake and food on the game window
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        super.paint(g);
        // Draw the snake
        for (Point segment : snake.getBody()) {
            g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
            g.fillRect(segment.x * 20, segment.y * 20, 20, 20);
        }
        // Draw the food
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        g.fillRect(foodPosition.x * 20, foodPosition.y * 20, 20, 20);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create an instance of the SnakeGame class
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> new SnakeGame());
    }
}
class Snake {
    private LinkedList<Point> body;
    private Direction direction;
    public Snake() {
        body = new LinkedList<>();
        body.add(new Point(5, 5));
        direction = Direction.RIGHT;
    }
    public enum Direction {
        UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT
    }
    public void move() {
        Point head = body.getFirst();
        switch (direction) {
            case UP:
                head = new Point(head.x, head.y - 1);
                break;
            case DOWN:
                head = new Point(head.x, head.y + 1);
                break;
            case LEFT:
                head = new Point(head.x - 1, head.y);
                break;
            case RIGHT:
                head = new Point(head.x + 1, head.y);
                break;
        }
        body.addFirst(head);
        if (head.equals(foodPosition)) {
            grow();
            generateFood();
        } else {
            body.removeLast();
        }
    }
    public void grow() {
        // Logic to add a new segment to the snake's body
        body.add(new Point(-1, -1)); // Placeholder for the new segment
    }
    public boolean checkCollision() {
        Point head = body.getFirst();
        for (int i = 1; i < body.size(); i++) {
            if (head.equals(body.get(i))) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        if (head.x < 0 || head.x >= 10 || head.y < 0 || head.y >= 10) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    public LinkedList<Point> getBody() {
        return body;
    }
    public void setDirection(Direction newDirection) {
        if ((direction == Direction.UP && newDirection != Direction.DOWN) ||
            (direction == Direction.DOWN && newDirection != Direction.UP) ||
            (direction == Direction.LEFT && newDirection != Direction.RIGHT) ||
            (direction == Direction.RIGHT && newDirection != Direction.LEFT)) {
            direction = newDirection;
        }
    }
}

输出

现在，我们可以创建一个新的 Java 项目，将上述代码复制并粘贴到适当的文件（Snake.java 和 SnakeGame.java）中，然后运行 SnakeGame 类。游戏窗口将出现，我们可以使用箭头键来控制蛇。提供的代码是一个基本实现。我们可能希望通过添加诸如得分、关卡和更好的图形等功能来进一步增强它。此外，请根据你的偏好调整网格大小和窗口尺寸。

在 Java 中构建贪吃蛇游戏是锻炼面向对象编程、游戏开发和用户输入处理技能的绝佳练习。提供的代码是基础，你可以根据自己的喜好对其进行增强和自定义。尝试诸如分数跟踪、关卡或额外的障碍物等功能，使游戏更具吸引力。随着你深入游戏开发，你会发现扩展和改进项目的无限可能性。

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Java 中的贪吃蛇游戏

贪吃蛇游戏简介

设置项目

实现 Snake 类

处理蛇的移动

处理蛇的增长

碰撞检测

实现 SnakeGame 类

用户输入和方向更改

生成食物

游戏结束逻辑

代码实现

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Java 中的贪吃蛇游戏

贪吃蛇游戏简介

设置项目

实现 Snake 类

处理蛇的移动

处理蛇的增长

碰撞检测

实现 SnakeGame 类

用户输入和方向更改

生成食物

游戏结束逻辑

代码实现

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