8种词性定义及示例

想象一下，这是你打扫和整理的日子。你计划整理你的衣柜。首先，你把所有的衣服从衣柜里拿出来，堆在床上。然后，你开始分类，把衬衫、裤子、袜子等分开。现在，你把裤子叠好，堆起来；你同样对待你的衬衫、袜子和其他衣服。

那么，你刚才做了什么？你根据它们的功用和用途来整理你的服装。同样，在英语中，我们根据词语的功用、用途和特点来组织它们。

这种根据功用对词语进行的分类和重组，就称为词类。

词类 - 英语学习的第一步

要想学会跑步，你必须先学会迈出脚步。学习英语也是如此。要想流利地说这门语言，你必须首先理解语法和相关的规则。

英语中的词语有时会令人困惑，因为它们可能有很多含义。因此，我们使用一种称为“词类”的概念来更好地理解和分析词语及其含义。“词类”一词指的是在传统的英语语法中，一组具有相似语法特征的词语。

一个词在不同的情况下可以充当不同的词类。在现代语言学中，“词类”一词很少使用，通常被“句法范畴”或“词类”等术语替代。

英语中有八种词类，我们将逐一探讨，并提供每个词类在短语或句子中的用法示例。

词类介绍

词类是学习英语的第一步。它也是提高你的口语英语能力的重要组成部分。英语中的词类如下：名词、动词、代词、副词、形容词、介词、连词和感叹词。

英语中的词语可以根据其不同的形式、意义、位置和功能进行分类。英语中的每个词都属于一个词类。词的重要性决定了它在词类中的位置。新学生必须理解英语的词类组成。

可以通过适当的方式来学习英语。全面而系统的方法可以帮助你掌握英语。在各种类型的竞争性考试中，基础语法科目正受到越来越多的重视。

你必须了解在你的对话中可能使用的各种词类。没有对词类的透彻理解，语言学习就不完整。词类在英语中对于写作和交流都具有重要意义。如果你想提高你的语言能力，你必须从基础开始，掌握构成英语语言基础的元素。你准备好迈出第一步了吗？

同一个词在不同的语境下可能充当不止一种词类。只有通过词类才能确定一个词的正确含义。

一个词在短语中扮演的各种角色称为词类。形式类词语包括名词、动词、形容词和副词，而功能类词语包括代词和连词。

什么是词类？

英语中有无数的词语，每个词语都有其作用。有些词语用于表示活动，有些用于连接，还有些用于标记某物。词类涵盖了词语在英语中所扮演的所有角色。

词类定义

词类是“传统语法类别，词语根据其句法过程被分配到这些类别中，包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等。”它们指的是词语在短语或句子中所起到的各种功能，以及它们根据语法和句法如何相互关联。

那么，词类包含什么？

1. 词语被分成类别。
2. 词语应该被归入语法分组。
3. 有些词语可以替代其他词类。

八种词类的示例

掌握八种词类是语言精通的关键。每个词类在句子结构和意义传达中都扮演着独特的角色。这些组成部分是有效沟通的基础。

让我们来看看每种词类，它们的用途和示例，以帮助你理解它们在构建有意义的连贯句子中的重要性。

1. 名词

名词是用来表示某人、某事、某地、某概念或某活动的名称的词。名词是英语中最常见的词类。名词有两种类型：普通名词和专有名词。

专有名词指的是个人、物品或地点的名称，而普通名词指的是地点、事物或个人的通用名称。

单数名词和复数名词都可以。单数名词通常与冠词（a、an、the）连用。名词在句子中可以充当主语、宾语或主语补语。

名词具有性别、数和格等属性。具体名词和抽象名词是两种类型的名词。具体名词是表示有形存在的名词，如地点和事物的名称。

名词示例

1. Jenny and Reema are terrific employees (人名)
2. London and Italy are my favourite holiday destinations in the World (地名)
3. The ship almost sank in the big ocean (事物名称)
4. The kitty leaped on his owners lap (动物名称)
5. Honesty and Dedication are two green flags for me in a person's personality. (品质名称)
6. Carl was feeling nervous and thrilled at the first day of his big job (感受名称)
7. The coming of my brother made everyone happy in the family.
8. He requested for justice for all the female workers.(想法名称)

更多示例

1. The puppy was sting by insects.
2. The robber hid himself.
3. Tina purchased a car.
4. He came with his wife.
5. The meowing of the cat was heard by all.

现在让我们根据名词的类型或种类来看看示例。

• 抽象名词是用来描述思想、观念、心态、过程、属性等的名词。例如：平等、真理、言语、快乐、悲伤、善良、信仰等。
• 具体名词分为四种类型：普通名词、专有名词、集体名词和物质名词。
• 专有名词是个人、地点、国家、河流、动漫等的名称。它们是特定的。例如：Gangtok、Chennai、Europe、France、the Alps、Mars、Tom 等。
• 普通名词：普通名词指的是属于特定类别的个人或地点。它们是泛指的。例如：孩子、大学、苹果、背包、书、老师、护士等。
• 集体名词指的是被视为一个整体的同类人群。例如：军队、小队、政府、观众等。
• 物质名词是组成它们的材料或物质的名称。例如：银、丝绸、铅、泡沫板、大米、玻璃；

以下是这些词语在句子中的示例；

1. Jenna is my elder sister (专有名词)
2. I studied various magazines in a month for my competitive exam (普通名词)
3. Emily parker her scooter in the garage yesterday night. (具体名词)
4. His happiness made everyone smile in the party. (抽象名词)
5. We were surrounded by flock of sheep on our way to the village.(集体名词)
6. My father-in law purchased a new flat this month (复合名词)
7. The artist displayed 10 paintings at the Artist Exhibition this week. (可数名词)
8. The runner got his bottle of water with him yesterday. (不可数名词)
9. Enna's bike is being fixed in the garage. (所有格名词)
10. Her return was a happy news for all. (动名词)

2. 动词

动词是句子的核心，也是最重要的句子成分之一。每个句子都有主语和谓语。谓语的主要成分是动词，它用于描述事件、动作或存在状态。动词简单地描述句子的主语在做什么。最常见的动词类型是动作动词和系动词。

前者有助于描绘主语的动作，而后者则传达主语的存在、身份或状态。动词会改变形式并在其后添加新的结尾。这些结尾表明动词与时间的关系，这被称为动词时态。

动词也被称为“做”的动词。它也被归类为动作词。动词表达动作。它还可以解释现象的存在或发生。此外，动词还可以表达思想、意象、情绪、连续性、习惯、条件和感官方面。

及物动词：接受宾语的动词称为及物动词。

示例： Krishna arranges folders。

不及物动词：不及物动词是不需要宾语的动词。

示例： Krishna sits by itself。

根据类型在句子中的动词示例；

1. The monkey jumped on the terrace. (动作动词)
2. Rina is intelligent. (存在状态)
3. Lina smashes the shuttle cock over the net. (动作动词)
4. The music souns terrible. (存在状态)
5. Elina walked the kitten in the backyard today morning. (动作动词)

动词在句子中的功能示例

1. Carl writes a note to her boyfriend. (及物动词，因为它包含宾语)
2. Carl writes nicely. (不及物动词，因为没有宾语)
3. Danny walked the kitten in the lawn yesterday morning. (及物动词，因为它包含宾语)
4. Danny walked in the lawn yesterday morning. (不及物动词，因为没有宾语)
5. Erina became an intern hairstylist. (不及物动词，因为没有宾语)

句子中动词语态示例

1. Jenny rode the scooter to the college. (主动语态)
2. The car was drove by Jenny. (被动语态)
3. Lucy led the team in the project. (主动语态)
4. The team project was led by Lucy (被动语态)
5. The murderer was punished by the Judge( 被动语态)

以下是一些句子中动词的更多示例；

1. Lina threw the plate.
2. She opened the gate.
3. Helen plays Piano.
4. Henry is watching the new movie.
5. My friends are going to the market.
6. I play Chess.
7. I love writing articles in my free time.
8. He can bake delicious cakes. (这里句子包含主要动词和助动词，bake 是主要动词，can 是助动词)
9. Rosy writes beautiful poems.
10. The students are always gossiping in the lunch break.

3. 代词

代词是在句子中用作名词替代的词。代词应在句子中已经使用过名词后使用。

英语中有九种不同类型的代词。不同类型的代词根据其用途和含义进行分类。

所有格代词用于表达所有权，人称代词用于指代人或物，指示代词用于指代名词，反身代词用于强调另一个代词或名词，而关系代词用于引入从句。

根据类型在句子中的代词示例

人称代词

人称代词分为三种类型：第一人称代词、第二人称代词和第三人称代词。

示例

1. She has misplaced her pen.
2. It is pouring outside.
3. A colleague says that they are heading for an excursion.

反身代词

这些代词是通过在 your, my, him, her, it 等代词后添加 -self（单数）和 -selves（复数）构成的。

示例

1. We completed it ourselves.
2. She injured herself.
3. He handled himself.

强调代词

强调代词用于在使用了 -self 和 -selves 等形式时进行强调。

示例

1. The leader of the government himself greeted the audience.
2. I completed this myself.
3. The kid herself broke the wire.

疑问代词

这些代词用于提问。

示例

1. Who is your tango instructor ?
2. What information do you have about her ?
3. Who is in charge of the job ?

分配代词

这些代词用于指代特定的人或事物。分配代词是 each、any 和 neither。

示例

1. Each of you will be penalized.
2. Neither of these people collaborated with me.
3. Either of these will come at finish first.

互惠代词

表示相互关系的代词。each other 和 one another 是互惠代词。

示例

1. They hate each other.
2. We assist one another.
3. Two friends compete each other.

不定代词

这些代词用于广泛的意义，而不指代特定的事物或人。

示例

1. Everyone was welcomed to the celebration.
2. Something is not right.
3. One should be cautious about the issues relating to the finances.

指示代词

这类代词用于指示事物或人。

This, that, those, and these are examples of demonstrative pronouns.

1. This home belongs to our aunt.
2. These novels must be delivered by next week.
3. Those are your colleagues.

关系代词

指代其前面名词的代词。它包含 whose, whom, who, whereas, 和 which 等词。

示例

1. This is a novel which I'd want to read.
2. These are tales that kids will enjoy reading.
3. This is the young man who won first place.

4. 形容词

形容词是句子的修饰语；它描述名词或代词。形容词基本上提供了关于句子主语的额外信息。它回答了“什么种类”、“多少”等问题。在英语中，形容词可以有最高级或比较级结尾。最高级形容词前通常有一个冠词 the。形容词不修饰或与名词匹配。

形容词可以用作名词。它们补充了名词的含义。它也可以用来改变名词。形容词经常用于以比较和最高级的方式描述事物。形容词有多种类型。

示例

1. English is a universal language that can help you communicate with everyone around the world. (专有形容词)
2. Rina had gorgeous (描述性形容词)
3. My daughter purchased a costly (性质形容词)
4. The brown dog ran across the streets. (属性形容词)
5. The dog is brown. (表语形容词)
6. My wife has a single aim for career. (数量形容词)
7. I can serve for 4 hours in a day. (数词形容词)
8. I wish to punish those individuals for this crime. (指示形容词)
9. Daniel wishes that every individual must be kept safe. (分配形容词)
10. What time will you be coming for the event? (疑问形容词)
11. The kids will finish their task by Sunday. (所有格形容词)
12. It is steep, lengthy road that goes next to the house. (顺序形容词)
13. Elina is jolly and happy (并列形容词)
14. That was the an awful old person who came to the shop this evening. (累积形容词)
15. The robber is a warm-blooded (复合形容词)
16. The contractor bought a home in the nation. (冠词形容词)
17. Jona just wants a few minutes of yours. (不定形容词)
18. The second individual in the queue fainted on the street. (序数形容词)
19. The three women were prisoned for lifetime. (基数形容词)
20. Rozy had beautiful hair. (描述性形容词)

5. 副词

副词和形容词一样，用于修饰或描述句子中的动词、形容词或副词。副词通常描述时间、条件或状态。它经常以 -ly 结尾。

然而，一些副词不以 -ly 结尾，例如 also、never、frequently、again、too、well、soon 和 very。当用于提问时，why、where、when 和 how 这几个词被称为疑问副词。

副词修饰动词。它提供了关于特定活动方式的额外信息。它不仅可以修饰动词，还可以修饰形容词和副词。副词分为几个类别。

句子中各种副词的示例

1. He has succeeded slowly and cautiously on the assignment. (方式副词)
2. Denny will come back soon. (时间副词)
3. Rina put her textbook there. (地点副词)
4. They are extremely (程度副词)
5. He never finishes his homework on time. (频率副词)
6. She handed a little to the needy people. (数量副词)
7. She climbed forward on to the ground. (方向副词)
8. Hopefully, I will be able to come an attend the seminar today. (不确定性副词)
9. Tina went to the market, however, she didn't purchase anything. (连接副词)
10. Yes, I will be arriving to the party today. (肯定副词)

句子中副词的一些其他示例

1. She seeked assistance very earnestly.
2. The old man runs quickly.
3. She greeted him warmly.
4. Helen walks slowly after the injury.

6. 介词

介词是在句子中表示名词或代词与其他词语之间关系的词。介词所形成的关系可以是方向性的、空间性的或时间性的。当代词与名词或代词结合时，就形成介词短语。介词短语通常用作副词或形容词。

介词是出现在名词或代词之前的词。代词用于指示名词或代词与短语中其他词语的关系。

让我们看看介词类型的示例；

1. Elina came on Sunday evening. (时间介词)
2. The glass is kept on the desk. (地点介词)
3. Daniel will drive his car to the college every Friday. (方向介词)
4. Rekha goes to school by (方式介词)
5. Jona is cutting the wood with her new axe. (施事者介词)
6. The shop sells books by (计量介词)
7. Camila got her payment from her office this morning. (来源介词)
8. This is the land of my late grandfather. (所属介词)

示例

1. The pencil is on the desk.
2. We stopped at the train station.
3. This is a tale I've told before.
4. These are individuals of principle.
5. Between you and her, I will never believe what Amma says.
6. The medical store is across the road.
7. Place the veggies in the fridge, please.
8. Should he put more salt to the veggies ?
9. Mani works with my brother at the garage.
10. The kitten is sitting beside my chair.

7. 连词

连词是连接句子中的词语、从句或其他短语的词。它还表明句子成分之间的联系。连词可分为四种类型。

并列连词、从属连词、连接副词和相关连词都是连词的类型。

• 并列连词连接具有相似意义的独立从句（句子）或词语。（since, and, nor, but, or, still, so）
• 从属连词将从句与句子的其余部分（称为独立从句）连接起来。（because, rather than, before, if, even if, once,）
• 连接副词，通常称为过渡词，连接一个句子到下一个句子（instead, also, additionally, additionally）。
• 在相关连词中，并列连词与一个单独的短语结合。

根据类型在句子中的连词示例；

1. Rina and Danny went to wildlife park during their Summer vacation. (并列连词)
2. Unless the rain comes, the farming of the vegetables will become challenging. (从属连词)
3. Diana is both helpful and trustworthy. (相关连词)
4. We are great colleagues ; However I feel you have misunderstood me. (连接副词)
5. The thunderstorm not only broke the trees but also caused harm to numerous houses in the surrounding. (相关连词)
6. 感叹词

感叹词是引入句子以表达情感的词。感叹词在语法上与句子无关；它可以出现在主句之前或之后，单独存在，并经常后跟感叹号。

“interjection”一词源自拉丁语的 inter（意为“之间”）和 jacre（意为“投掷”）。因此，感叹词是一个词，当你需要感叹时，你可以将其插入到文本的其余部分。

感叹词通常用于非正式写作，但在学术写作中很少见。

感叹词示例

1. Wow! It's a fantastic dress !
2. Oops! I am very sorry.
3. Hurray! They have been victorious !
4. Ah!, I wanted this chocolate !
5. I win the championship, Yay !
6. Eww! It stinks very badly.
7. Bravo! you did it.
8. Oh no! Its been a terrible week.
9. Yipee! I got the first prize in art competition.
10. Alas!. I was not able to make it.

冠词和限定词是词类吗？

冠词（a、an、the）和限定词（that、my、some）是句子中存在的另外两个词类。那么，为什么只有八种而不是十种词类呢？

尽管一些风格指南和列表将冠词和限定词列为词类，但它们实际上是形容词。它们修饰名词，使句子更详细。

1. The instructor asked me some queries.
2. I gave my sister an envelope.
3. She found several chicks in the farm.
4. Do you want any fruit ?
5. Kindly give me those books.

结论

理解词类只是创建正确句子第一步。然而，词类与句子成分略有不同——你必须同时理解这两者才能正确组织你的工作。否则，你可能会遇到语法错误，如句子碎片或连贯性差的句子。